1. “Europeans Claim Muslim Lands”
Ch 27-3
“Europeans Claim Muslim Lands”

2. Ottoman Empire Loses Power
Reforms Fail
After Suleyman I dies in 1566, empire starts to decline
Ottoman Empire falls behind Europe in technology
Selim II attempts to modernize army and is overthrown
Subject peoples in Greece and Serbia gain independence
European powers look for ways to take Ottoman lands

3. Europeans Grab Territory
Geopolitics
Geopolitics – taking land for its strategic location or products
Access to sea trade routes focuses attention on Ottoman lands

4. Russia and the Crimean War
Crimean War – Russia attacks Ottomans in 1853 to gain warm-water port
Russia loses, but Ottomans are shown to be weak; still lose land

6. The Decline of Ottoman Rule

7. The Ottoman Empire in 1914

8. The Great Game
Great Game – war waged between Russia and Britain over India
Battles fought in Afghanistan until British withdrawal in 1881

9. Egypt Initiates Reforms
Military and Economic Reforms
Muhammad Ali breaks away from Ottoman control and rules Egypt
Begins series of reforms in military and economy
Shifts Egyptian agriculture from food crops to cash crops

10. Suez Canal Egypt builds Suez Canal – human-made waterway
Connects the Red Sea to Mediterranean
Modernization efforts create huge debt
British oversee financial control of canal, occupy Egypt in 1881

11. Geographical Impact of the Suez Canal, 1869
EUROPE
EAST ASIA
Suez Canal
AFRICA
7,200 miles
12,300 miles
Indian Ocean

14. Persia Russia and Britain battle for control of Persia Why?
Russia want access to the Persian gulf
Britain wants Persian oil and control of Afghanistan
Both want natural resources- oil and tobacco

15. Persia Pressured to Change
The Exploitation of Persia
Russia wants access to Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean
Britain wants Persian oil and Afghanistan
Persia concedes to Western businesses

16. Battle over Tobacco
Persian ruler sells concession to Britain to export tobacco
Persians boycott tobacco, leads to riots
In 1907, Russia and Britain seize and divide Persia between them

17. Review Time

18. Question 1 1. Why did Britain take control of the Suez Canal?
A. France traded control of the Suez Canal for control of Nigeria.
B. Muhammad Ali considered maintaining its security a burden.
C. Egypt could not pay its foreign debt.
D. The British helped the Egyptians defeat French invaders.

19. Question 2 2. By 1914, the Ottoman Empire had A. ceased to exist.
B. achieved its greatest size.
C. begun to experience a decline.
D. declined to about a third of its greatest size.

20. Question 3
3. In 1907, which of the following was divided into spheres of influence by Russia and Britain due to the presence of oil?
A. India
B. Egypt
C. Persia
D. Afghanistan

21. Question 4 4. What was the main reason for the Crimean War?
A. Russia wanted land on the Black Sea to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea.
B. Russia wanted oil and other raw materials found in Ottoman lands.
C. Russia refused to pay an export tax levied by the Ottoman Empire.
D. Russia broke a treaty that limited the amount of grain it could send through the Bosporus.

22. Question 5
5. The Great Game was an example of imperialism practices of the Europeans because
A. It caused Germany and Portugal to convert Non-Christians into Christians in Africa
B. It led to the tobacco revolt
C. It sparked conflict between England and Russia over Afghanistan and India for resources
D. It led to the defeat of Ethiopia