1. Darfur Conflict

2. Perpetrators When: April 25,2003 – February 24, 2010* *Officially signed CPA in 2006 however hostilities continue today Who: Sudanese Government and Janjaweed Militia Omar al-Bashir (1944-present) President of Sudan since 1989 Main weapons supplier of the Janjaweed Militia Janjaweed Militia (1973-present) Nomadic tribes people

3. Victims Dead: ∼ 400,000 people Causes: Execution, Rape, Starvation, Dehydration Targets: Non-Arab Sudanese (Fur, Zeghawa and Masalit tribes) Refugees: 2.5 – 2.7 million

5. Summary of Conflict - Timeline 1980s: Climate change, famine and tension between Arab and non-Arab Sudanese perpetuated political instability May 5, 2006: Sudanese government and SLA sign a peace deal. November 16, 2006: Establishment of the African Union – United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) July 12, 2010: ICC issues arrest warrant for President al-Bashir 1980 1990s: A lack of response from the Sudanese government concerning the drought and internal conflicts, led to frustration from non-Arab Sudanese. April 25, 2003: Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and Justice Equality Movement (JEM) attack airport destroying Sudanese Air Force planes. July 14, 2011: The Doha Document for Peace in Darfur was finalized and signed by Sudanese government and LJM February 2015: HRW reports mass rape and possible crimes against humanity in Northern Darfur

6. What’s Happening Now? July 2001: South Sudan gains independence and the conflict in Darfur fades into the background. 2013: Aicha Elbasri, the former spokesperson for the UNAMID mission in Darfur resigned, accusing the UN of a « conspiracy of silence » over the world’s biggest forgotten war. June 25, 2014: HRW calls for the United Nations to investigate alleged cover-ups and manipulation of human rights reporting by UNAMID officials. February 11, 2015: HRW releases a report called « Mass Rape in Darfur: Sudanese Army Attacks Against Civilians in Tabit » which documents Sudanese army rapes at least 221 women and girls. March 11, 2015: UNAMID peacekeeping force to be cut back amid accusations of incompetence.

7. Resources Human Rights Watch : http://www.hrw.org/africa/sudanhttp://www.hrw.org/africa/sudan Timeline: Five Years On: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/features/darfur/fiveyea rson/timeline.html http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/features/darfur/fiveyea rson/timeline.html “They Shot at Us as We Fled: Government Attacks on Civilians in West Darfur”: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/darfur0508web wcover.pdf http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/darfur0508web wcover.pdf Eyes on Darfur : http://www.eyesondarfur.org/http://www.eyesondarfur.org/ “The Devil Came on Horseback”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BJOfpJ8qVE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_BJOfpJ8qVE