1. The Space Race Part II
The Quest for the Moon

2. U.S.S.R. – Luna Missions Luna 1 Luna 2 Luna 3
First spacecraft to achieve Earth-escape velocity.
Luna 2
First spacecraft to impact the Moon.
Luna 3
First spacecraft to photograph the far side of the Moon.
Luna missions in 1959
This is a view of the large crater Tsiolkovsky as photographed by the astronauts during the Apollo 8 lunar orbit mission, looking East toward the lunar horizon. Tsiolkovsky is approximately 150 statute miles in diameter. It was first identified and named by the Russians from photographs taken by their unmanned Luna III spacecraft.

3. U.S.S.R. – Luna Missions
Luna 9 – First unmanned landing on the Moon. First pictures of the lunar surface.
Luna 10 – First unmanned spacecraft to orbit the Moon.
Luna 13 – Unmanned lunar landing. Tested the density of the lunar soil.
Luna 16 – First automated lunar landing & return of soil samples.
Luna 17 – First automated lunar roving vehicle.
Luna 24 – First automated deep soil sample return from the Moon.
1966 – Luna 9 through 13
1970 – Luna 16 & 17
1976 – Luna 24

4. U.S.S.R. – Zond Missions Zond 3 – Lunar flyby.
Zond 5 – First cirumlunar flight & recovery of live animals (turtles).
Zond 6 – Lunar flyby.
Zond 7 – Color photographs of the Earth & Moon at varying distances.
Zond 8 – Photographs. Splashdown in the Indian Ocean.
Zond Unmanned Missions
Zond 5 - On September 18, 1968, the spacecraft flew around the Moon. The closest distance was 1,950 kilometers (1,212 miles). High-quality photographs of the Earth were taken at a distance of 90,000 kilometers (56,000 miles). A biological payload of turtles, wine flies, meal worms, plants, seeds, bacteria, and other living matter was included in the flight. On September 21, 1968, the re-entry capsule entered the Earth's atmosphere, braked aerodynamically, and deployed parachutes at 7 kilometers (4.35 miles) . The capsule splashed down in the Indian Ocean and was successfully recovered. The spacecraft was a precursor to manned spacecraft.

5. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions
Apollo 1 – Saturn 1B rocket launched. Unmanned Apollo capsule in a suborbital flight.
Apollo 2 – Saturn 1B rocket & unmanned Apollo capsule used to test the capsule’s ability to withstand high reentry temperatures.
Apollo 3 – Planned as first manned flight but fire killed Astronauts Grissom, Chaffee, & White during a test. Resulted in changes to the interior of the Apollo capsule.
Saturn 1B rocket

6. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions
Apollo 4 – First test of the Saturn V rocket. Launched unmanned Apollo capsule which orbited the Earth twice.
Apollo 5 – Saturn 1B rocket carried an unmanned lunar landing module into space. First test in space of the lunar module.
Apollo 6 – Saturn 5 rocket launched an unmanned Apollo capsule into space.
Dr. Werner Von Braun and Dr. Kurt Debus, Director of the Kennedy Space Center attending the Saturn 500F, rollout from the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The Saturn 500F, after testing the VAB stacking operations, was used to test the crawler transport and Launch Pad 39A operations.

7. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions
Apollo 7 – First manned Apollo flight. First T.V. presentation. Practiced docking with the lunar rover in space.
Apollo 8 – First manned flight to orbit the Moon.
Apollo 9 – Apollo capsule with Lunar Module orbits the Earth.
Apollo 10 – Apollo capsule & Lunar Module orbit the Moon. Astronauts look for a future landing site.
Pictured – Apollo 7 launch
Note the HYPERLINK on Apollo 8. Scroll down on the website and click on “Audio & Video Broadcast” to hear the Christmas Eve broadcast from Apollo 8.

8. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions
Apollo 11 – First manned landing on the Moon. Astronauts Neil Armstrong & Buzz Aldren (Collins remained in the command module).
Commander Neil Armstrong
Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin
Command Module Pilot Michael Collins

9. Top Left – Apollo 11 Launch
Right – View of Earth as the Apollo 11 capsule orbits the Moon.
Bottom Left – Lunar Model after detachment from capsule.

10. U.S.A. – Moon EVA 1
Alrdrin & the US flag. The flag was blown over when the Lunar Module took off.
Alrdrin with Armstrong’s reflection in his visor.

11. U.S.A. – Apollo 11 Splashdown
Left – Apollo 11 astronauts await pickup after splashdown.
Right – Apollo 11 astronauts receive a visit from President Nixon while they are quarantined.

12. U.S.A. - Apollo Missions
Pictured – Mission Control during the Apollo 13 crisis.
Deke Slayton (checked jacket) displays the adapter devised to make use of square Command Module lithium hydroxide canisters for removal of excess carbon dioxide from the Apollo 13 LM cabin
Apollo 12 – Astronauts conducted experiments on the Moon’s surface during a 32 hour stay on the Moon.
Apollo 13 – Disaster! Loss of liquid oxygen pressure & failure of two fuel cells. The mission was aborted. The capsule flew around the Moon & returned to Earth safely.

13. U.S.A. – Apollo Missions
Apollo 14 – Explored a highland region of the Moon & took back 100 pounds of rock.
Apollo 15 & 16 – Astronauts conducted experiments & traveled on the Moon’s surface using a Lunar Rover.
Apollo 17 – The last stay on the Moon. Experiments showed that volcanoes used to exist on the Moon.
We haven’t been to the Moon since the Apollo 17 mission which lasted from Dec. 7-19, 1972.

14. U.S.S.R. – Soyuz Missions continued…
Soyuz 12 – Spacecraft re-qualification after the Soyuz 11 failure.
Soyuz 18A – Space flight aborted due to launch vehicle malfunction. Crew survives.

15. First international docking.
U.S.A. & U.S.S.R.
Apollo (ASTP) & Soyuz 19
First international docking.

16. Living in Space
To be continued…
Salyut 1 – 1971
Salyut