1. Notes from Friday, October 23, 2015 Please take notes on the following four topics. Please take notes on the following four topics. In addition to the notes, write your own example for each of the four sections. In addition to the notes, write your own example for each of the four sections. Be sure to get the corresponding handouts from Mrs. Patterson Be sure to get the corresponding handouts from Mrs. Patterson Yes, you will be assessed on these in the near future, so be sure to take good notes and ask clarifying questions if needed. Yes, you will be assessed on these in the near future, so be sure to take good notes and ask clarifying questions if needed.

2. Appositive Phrase a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it and is separated from the main sentence with commas. a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it and is separated from the main sentence with commas.noun phrasenoun phrase Its main purpose is to give the reader more detail about the noun it modifies. Its main purpose is to give the reader more detail about the noun it modifies. Example: The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling across the kitchen table. Example: The insect, a large cockroach with hairy legs, is crawling across the kitchen table. Example: Example: Queen Victoria, one of England's greatest monarchs, ruled for sixty-three years. Please write your own example in your notes.

3. Participle Phrases A participle phrase is an adjective and begins with a participle word (usually ending in “ing”). A participle phrase is an adjective and begins with a participle word (usually ending in “ing”). It is located directly after the noun it modifies. It is located directly after the noun it modifies. In other words, it is used to describe the noun it follows. In other words, it is used to describe the noun it follows. Example: Is that Arthur running for the bus? Example: Is that Arthur running for the bus? Example: You could see the panther releasing its grip. Example: You could see the panther releasing its grip. Please write your own example in your notes. Please write your own example in your notes. Punctuation: When a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma should be placed after the phrase. Punctuation: When a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma should be placed after the phrase. Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed. Arriving at the store, I found that it was closed. If the participle or participial phrase comes in the middle of a sentence, it should be set off with commas only if the information is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. If the participle or participial phrase comes in the middle of a sentence, it should be set off with commas only if the information is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of sleep. Sid, watching an old movie, drifted in and out of sleep. Note that if the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no commas should be used: Note that if the participial phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence, no commas should be used: The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award. The student earning the highest grade point average will receive a special award.

4. Punctuation is Powerful! An English professor wrote the words… An English professor wrote the words… “A woman without her man is nothing.” All of the males in the class wrote: “A woman, without her man, is nothing.” All of the females wrote: “A woman: without her, man is nothing.”

5. Gerund Phrase Begins with an ing word, and usually functions as a noun that is the subject in the sentence, unlike the participle phrase. Therefore, it is not separated by commas. Begins with an ing word, and usually functions as a noun that is the subject in the sentence, unlike the participle phrase. Therefore, it is not separated by commas. Example: Eating ice cream on a windy day can be a messy experience if you have long, untamed hair. Example: Eating ice cream on a windy day can be a messy experience if you have long, untamed hair. Example: Bill decided that scrambling over the pile of debris was not safe. (Scrambling serves as the subject to this sentence). Example: Bill decided that scrambling over the pile of debris was not safe. (Scrambling serves as the subject to this sentence). Please write your own example in your notes. Please write your own example in your notes.

6. Infinitive Phrase A verb plus any complements (direct object) and/or modifiers (adverb) A verb plus any complements (direct object) and/or modifiers (adverb) Example: He likes to knead the dough slowly when making pizza. Example: He likes to knead the dough slowly when making pizza. Example: The teacher stayed after school to help her students. Example: The teacher stayed after school to help her students. Please write your own example and identify the direct object and modifier if necessary. Please write your own example and identify the direct object and modifier if necessary.

7. Simple Sentence Simple sentences are different from other sentences types because they contain only one independent clause, and have no dependent clauses. This type of sentence may also contain the phrases discussed in previous slides Simple sentences are different from other sentences types because they contain only one independent clause, and have no dependent clauses. This type of sentence may also contain the phrases discussed in previous slides Example: The coaches and administration were pleased to announce the results of the game Example: The coaches and administration were pleased to announce the results of the game Example: I love to read simples sentences upon getting up and before going to bed. Example: I love to read simples sentences upon getting up and before going to bed. Example: Eating cotton candy on a windy day can be a very sticky experience! Example: Eating cotton candy on a windy day can be a very sticky experience! Please write your own example using two different types of phrases Please write your own example using two different types of phrases

8. Compound Sentence A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon, or conjunction. A compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses joined by a comma, semicolon, or conjunction. Example: Example: The real Oz, the man behind the curtain, was neither great nor powerful; the story portrays an ineffective president as a bumbling wizard. Please write your own example using a complex conjunction with a semi colon and a comma

9. Compound-Complex Sentences A compound-complex sentence is made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. A compound-complex sentence is made from two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. 1. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with me yet. (underline each independent clause and circle the dependent clause) 1. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with me yet. (underline each independent clause and circle the dependent clause) 2. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong. (underline each independent clause and circle the dependent clause) 2. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong. (underline each independent clause and circle the dependent clause)