1. Forest Practices Around North Bay
Fred Pinto, 1st Vice President
Canadian Institute of Forestry

2. Questions What product is best for the environment:
Steel
Concrete
Wood
Should we use fiber from hemp or trees to make paper?
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) models the complex interaction between a product and the environment from cradle to grave. It is also known as Life Cycle Analysis or Ecobalance.
In recent years, a number of major companies have cited LCAs in their marketing and advertising, to support claims that their products are 'environmentally friendly' or even 'environmentally superior' to those of their rivals. Many of these claims have been successfully challenged by environmental groups.
All products have some impact on the environment. Since some products use more resources, cause more pollution or generate more waste than others, the aim is to identify those which are most harmful.
Even for those products whose environmental burdens are relatively low, the LCA should help to identify those stages in production processes and in use which cause or have the potential to cause pollution, and those which have a heavy material or energy demand.
Breaking down the manufacturing process into such fine detail can also be an aid to identifying the use of scarce resources, showing where a more sustainable product could be substituted.

3. Life cycle analysis

4. The pink area in the circle contains about 7. 5 (18
The pink area in the circle contains about 7.5 (18.5 ac)million ha of productive forest land
There is about 2.5 million ha each of conifer, tol hardwood and intol hardwood dominated stands in this area. Source: OMNR The Timber Resources of Ontario – Queens Printer for Ontario. Forest Policy Branch. Sault Ste Marie 67 pp. Details found on Table 4.12:
Harvest 12,000 to 15,000 ha (30,000-37,000 ac )per year in Ontario as pine shelterwood and similar area as selection in maple dominated stands

5. Common Natural Disturbances
Fire:
Thin from below
Larger trees more likely to survive
Surface fire: Most common by far!

6. White pine adaptations
tall - crowns held high above ground
thick bark
roots grow deep
Surface fires and moderate to intense wind events
seed do not store

7. Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) adaptations
thin bark, lots of resin
short
seeds: abundant and frequent

8. Results Fire Small white pine killed, large trees may survive
Balsam fir killed, survivors seed in
Poplar killed, can sucker back and seed in
Logging
White pine: large trees killed, some small survive
Balsam: most survive
Poplar: some survive, profuse suckering

9. Change in White & Red Pine

10. What do we do? Assume that an ecosystem is a helicopter
As we remove parts we are prone to a crash
Laws in Ontario requires us to ensure forests are sustainable
If nature is sustainable we can try and copy nature in our activities

11. Disturbance Intensity Continuum
Shelterwoodor Selection
Clearcut
Clearcut
4-Cut Shelterwood
3-Cut Shelterwood
Standards
Seed tree

12. Make it Operational The eyes and hands in the forest
Private enterprise ;
plans
implements treatments
Government role:
laws
research,
development of guidelines and standards
Partial harvest silviculture on provincial public land delivered by certified tree markers
1,300 trained over 12 yrs.
The eyes and hands in the forest

13. Certified tree markers
Training at community college or a 1 week course
Pass:
Written test
3 Practical tests
Field audit
Refresher course and test every 5 years

14. Make it Practical
Before harvest
After harvest

15. Harvest system for White Pine
Abundant White Pine
Harvest system for White Pine

16. Some Sugar Maple Adaptations
Seedling banks
Frequent seed crop
Low to moderate wind events
Sprouts

17. Selection

18. Single Tree Selection

19. Stand Quality Improves Following Selection Harvest
Pre-harvest
30%
43%
57%
70%
1st entry Post-harvest
Reference of this data should be cited.
This slide and the following 2 slides are representative of the Quality Improvement standards for selection silviculture as shown in the Silvicultural Guide for the Tolerant Hardwood Forests of Ontario. See Section 12.0 page 4 in the guide.
The 30% AGS represents an approximate minimum condition you would expect to carry out selection management.
The minimum improvement would be 39% AGS but the average expected improvement would be that the residual stand would have 43% AGS.
38%
62%
2nd entry Post-harvest

20. What about the birds and bugs and …
Name the species of vertebrates that are negatively impacted by current forest operations in Ontario.

21. Forest or Landscape

22. Timber Supply and Wildlife Habitat Modelling

23. Model outputs

24. In the Stand