1. Early Inventions of the First Industrial Revolution

2. Flying Shuttle

3. Flying Shuttle

4. The Old Method – the Spinning Wheel

5. The New Method – The Spinning “Jenny”

6. The Power Loom

7. The Steam Engine

10. The Earliest Locomotive

12. Industrial Revolution
Transportation

13. Transportation John MacAdam
Roads were improved through the Macadam surfacing

14. Transportation -- Canals

15. Transportation -- Railroads
Richard Trevithick
George Stephenson

16. Transportation – The Effects of Expansion of Railroads
1. cheap transportation for manufactured goods
2. jobs
3. transport for perishable goods
4. travel became a common experience

17. Industrial Revolution
Working and Living Conditions

18. Working and Living Conditions
1. The population went from rural to predominantly urban.
2. The urban environment . . .
full of filth
lacked sanitation
unhealthy and dangerous conditions

19. Working and Living Conditions
People received wages rather than grow crops
Life was scheduled by the factory, not the seasons
Work was monotonous and dangerous

20. Working and Living Conditions
Child labor (as young as seven) was common

26. Working and Living Conditions
The average life span among factory and mine workers declined – to 17

27. Economic Results
The Middle Class grew
But
The difference between the wealthy and the poor increased and caused great tensions

28. Responses to the Industrial Revolution

29. Responses to the Industrial Revolution
Socialism: the belief that productive resources should be owned and controlled by the society as a whole. There should be no personal property

30. Responses to the Industrial Revolution
Karl Marx –
The Communist Manifesto
Proposed “Scientific Socialism” (Marxism)
Claimed that factory owners (bourgeoisie) were stealing from the working class (proletariat)

31. Responses to the Industrial Revolution
Karl Marx –
Eventually the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie
A socialist society would be established where all profit would be shared equally

32. Responses to the Industrial Revolution
Utopian Socialism
Ex: Robert Owen
Built a factory community with schools, decent homes (New Lanark)
Shared profits with workers

33. Responses to the Industrial Revolution
Labor Unions
organizations of workers who seek to gain better wages and better conditions
Through the use of strikes
At first they were seen by government as an interference to business and put down violently
Eventually they were crucial in improving the lives of workers