1. Stage 1 Psychology Human Development Piaget (1896-1980)

2. Piaget Cognitive development (as opposed to physical, emotional, social etc)

3. What alters how children think? Interaction with the environment and maturation gradually alter the way children think Schema – mental files for each bit of knowledge

4. Assimilation – involves interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures (schema) without changing them Dogs Cats Horses

5. Assimilation – involves interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures (schema) without changing them Dogs Cats Horses Fox Accommodation – involves changing existing mental structures (schema) to explain new experiences

6. Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) Gradual move to representational thought Object permanence Language Da Da Da

7. 4-8 months

9. Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) 6 substages: –Modification of reflexes (0- 1 month) –Primary circular reactions (1-4 months) –Secondary circular reactions (4-10 months) –Coordination of secondary schemes (10-12 months) –Tertiary circular reactions (12-18 months) –Mental combinations (18-24 months) Basic reflexes Trial and error schema –Own body (thumb sucking) –Objects (shaking a rattle) Combining intentional schema (getting a toy from behind a box – pushing and grasping) Trial and error explorations (dropping or throwing things from different positions) Early attempts to mentally represent things (opening/closing a hand to rehearse getting the lid off a box)

10. Baby Reflexes

11. AgeAverage number of words 8 months0 10 months1 12 months3 15 months19 18 months22 21 months118 24 months272 Language

12. Preoperational thought Increased mental representational thought Intuitive logic Conservation

13. Representational thought (Let the number of cats = x) Language Age Number of Words 13 1.522 2272 2.5446 3896 3.51222 41540 4.51870 52072 5.52289 62562

14. Artwork

17. Mental representation in play

18. Symbolic thought in play

19. Intuitive logic Egocentrism – can’t see other’s point of view Animism – Inanimate objects have conscious feelings and life Artificialism – Natural events or objects are under someone’s control

20. Conservation

21. Concrete operations Reversibility Decentration – multiple focuses Dynamic transformations (not just static end point) Class inclusion Transitive inferences

22. Formal Operations Ability to operate with abstract information If… then… Abstract to other times and other situations Mathematics and algebra

23. Habituation