2. Europe’s Africa The Europeans divided up the world into separate colonies during the 1885 Berlin Conference This system is known as imperialism The Europeans did not divide Africa along ethnic boundaries

3. Independence Because of the borders drawn by the Europeans different African ethnic groups fight each other for control of their countries Most African countries became independent in the 1950’s and 1960’s

4. Main Cultures of Africa The Sahara Desert separates the Arabs from the Bantu Afrikaaners are descendants of Dutch, German and French settlers in Southern Africa

5. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 25% of the adult populations of Swaziland, Lesotho and Botswana have HIV or AIDS 1.3 million people died in 2009 from AIDS in Sub- Saharan Africa Without the medicines that are available in developed countries, large numbers of people in Africa will develop AIDS

6. Diamond Trade Conflict diamonds are used by rebel movements to finance their military activities, including attempts to undermine or overthrow legitimate governments. This is most common sources of ‘conflict diamonds’ is from in Angola, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

7. Diamond Trade Mine workers are forced to smuggle these diamonds, which makes them targets of governments and international police These diamonds are not sold but traded for weapons and supplies, making tracking rebels difficult This also makes tracking the diamonds difficult

8. Top Diamond Producing Countries Botswana Russia South Africa Democratic Republic of the Congo Angola

9. West African Slave Trade African kingdoms traded slaves to major European powers The Europeans offered modern weapons, rum, and manufactured items Africans offered slaves they captured in war

10. West African Slave Trade If there was a long time of peace, African kings would raid and enslave his own people Slaves were sent to Goree Island to be traded to the Europeans

11. Former British colony of Sudan was divided with an Arabic Muslim north and a Bantu Christian and Animistic south This led to fighting between the two cultures

12. Following 2 civil wars and over 20 years of fighting Sudan split into 2 separate countries in 2011 Sudan is part of Saharan Africa South Sudan is Sub- Saharan Africa

13. SOUTH AFRICA In 1652 the Dutch founded the colony Cape of Good Hope European settlers expanded their control of the area pushing native Africans out of the south west corner of Africa

14. Afrikaaners European settlers eventually saw themselves as Afrikaaners (dutch word for ‘African’) Afrikaaners speak Africaans- which is a dialect of Dutch

15. SOUTH AFRICA Once gold and diamonds were discovered the British fought 2 guerilla wars against well armed farmers called Boers After British won power went from the Afrikaaners to the British-leaving non- whites without any say

16. APARTHIED Forced separation of white and non-white people in South Africa from 1948-1994 Whites were better educated, got better lands, and received better social services Whites make up about 25% of the South African population Resulted in violence between whites and non-whites

17. Apartheid

18. SOUTH AFRICA Apartheid ended in 1994 Nelson Mandela, who was imprisoned for protesting, became president of a united South Africa This led to economic growth and development in South Africa

19. South Africa today The same political party has been in power since the end of Apartheid in 1994 The ANC represents the non-white population and racial majority Police brutality is supported by the government by using Apartheid-era laws to control protesters

20. South Africa Today The government misrepresents unemployment; saying it is at 25% when it is closer to 40% of the population that is without work Most South Africans earn about $2 a day The ANC still glorifies it’s struggle against apartheid; which ended nearly 20 years ago

21. Corruption has led to the recent economic decline of South Africa despite the country’s plentiful mineral wealth South Africa is sub Saharan Africa’s most developed country