1. APA Referencing

2. Your Finished Assignment
Where does this workshop fit?
Answering the Question
Clarify the question
Identify task
Note taking
Guidelines
Methods
How Readings Become Assignments
Essay Writing
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
APA referencing
In text citing
End of text reference list
Your Finished Assignment

3. Workshop Overview Referencing and Plagiarism APA format defined
In-text referencing
Direct quotes and paraphrasing
End-of-text referencing

4. Referencing and Plagiarism
Acknowledging and identifying information sources is called Referencing
Using others’ ideas, without giving credit, is Plagiarism
Plagiarism has serious consequences

5. Why Reference?
To acknowledge or mihi to the person you got the information from
To direct readers to specific information sources
Shows the reader:
How widely we have read
The quality of our sources

6. We use APA referencing

7. In text & end-of-text referencing
In-text – paraphrasing, summarising or direct quotes in our sentences and paragraphs
End of text - the reference list at the end of the assignment

8. In-text referencing - Direct quotes
As a guide, don’t use more than 5% of the total essay word count as direct quotes
Include quotes less than 40 words as part of the essay
Separate quotes more than 40 words with a line space and indentation
Include the page number for all direct quotes

9. In-text referencing - Paraphrasing
Accurately putting the ideas into our own words
Paraphrased ideas still need to be referenced!

10. In-text referencing - Summarising
Providing an overview of an idea or piece of research
More general than a direct quote or paraphrase
A summary still needs to be referenced!

11. Quotes, paraphrases, summaries
RESEARCH
Quote: Very specific
Paraphrase: Identifies one main idea
Summary: Very general overview

12. In-text referencing Citing or including a citation Include:
The author’s surname/s
The year of publication
Page number for direct quotes
Depends number of authors

13. In-text referencing – 1 author
One author:
Smith (1999) suggested that…
… is one theory (Smith, 2000).
Two authors:
Smith and Jones (1999) suggested that…
… is one theory (Smith & Jones, 1999).

14. In-text referencing – 3-5 Authors
First reference
Smith, Jones, Davis, and Douglas (2005) suggested that…
… is one theory (Smith, Jones, Davis, & Douglas, 2005).
Subsequent references
…was developed as well (Smith et al., 2005).

15. In-text referencing – 6 or more Authors
Surname of the first author and ‘et al.’ every time we refer to them:
Smith et al. (1999) suggested that…
… is one theory (Smith et al., 1999).

16. End-of-text Referencing
Needs to be exact – down to commas, full stops, italics and capital letters.
Specific to the type of reference (e.g. book, website, journal article).
Use a quick guide, go to Stylewizard.com or use the reference wizard in Word 2007.

17. Quick referencing hand out

18. End-of-text Referencing
Reference list needs:
A heading: References
Alphabetical order of the first author of each reference
Indented after the first line of each reference
Extra line between each reference

19. End-of-text Referencing
Referencing books:
Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book. Place: Publisher.
Smith, K.L. (2000). Communication theory. New York: Plenum Press.
Smith, K.L., & Jones, P.J. (2005). Media studies. Sydney: Oxford Press.
Slides 19 – 23 may be better replaced by exercises using the quick reference guide rather than going through them on the screen.

20. End-of-text Referencing
Referencing book chapters:
Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of book chapter. In A.A. Author, & B.B. Author (Eds.), Title of book (pages of book). Place: Publisher.
Smith, K.L., & Jones, K.P., & Douglas, J.J. (2000). Communication theory. In A.J. Smith & K.L. Jones (Eds.), Communication and the media (pp.2-34). New York: Plenum Press.

21. End-of-text Referencing
Referencing journals:
Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.C. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Issue number, pages.
Smithers, R.K. (1976). English morphology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 17, 19 – 27.
Smithers, R.K., Sweeney, G., & Sutherland, P.E. (1979). English phonology for Asian speakers. TESOL Studies, 18, 39 – 46.

22. End-of-text Referencing
Referencing electronic journals:
Surname, Initials. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, Edition number, pages. Retrieved month, day, year, from source.
Smith, K.L., (2000). Role of supervisors in performance. Performance Management, 2, Retrieved August 23, 2006, from

23. End-of-text Referencing
Referencing websites (if no author is given, start with the title):
Surname, Initials. (Year, month day). Name of web page. Retrieved month day, year, from Name of Web Site:
Smith, K.L. (2000, February 20). Role of supervisors in performance. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Performance Management:

24. Summary Referencing acknowledges the ideas of others
We refer to those ideas by summarising, paraphrasing or quoting
References need to be written in specific ways
We don’t need to memorise the format, but can look it up each time we need it
A reference list includes all the references included in the assignment

25. Remember…
If you need more help, just ask your Kaiako, Librarian or Student Support Advisor. We are here for you!