1. Asterids – Part 3 Euasterids II (campanulids)
Spring 2011

2. Figure 9.4 from the text “basal” asterids (Euasterids I)
(Euasterids II)

3. Asterid taxa – Part 3 “Basal” Asterids Order Cornales
Order Ericales
Eusterids I (lamiids)
Order Solanales
Order Gentianales
Order Lamiales
Eusterids II (campanulids)
Order Apiales
Apiaceae – carrots, parsley
Order Dipsacales
Caprifoliaceae – honeysuckle
Adoxaceae – viburnum, elderberry
Order Asterales
Campanulaceae – lobelias, bellflowers
Asteraceae – sunflowers

4. Euasterids II: Apiales: Apiaceae (The Carrot Family; Umbelliferae)
Nearly cosmopolitan
Usually herbs; aromatic with ethereal oils, terpenoids, saponins and other compounds; leaves alternate with sheathing bases; internodes usually hollow
Diversity: 3,780 species in 434 genera
Flowers: Small, inconspicuous. Sepals 5, distinct, very reduced; petals 5, distinct but developing from a ring-like primordium, usually inflexed; stamens 5, filaments distinct; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit a schizocarp, the 2 dry segments (mericarps) attached to an entire to deeply forked central stalk (carpophore)
Significant features: Aromatic parts; inflorescences of simple or compound umbels (sometimes condensed into a head); styles basally swollen to form a nectar-secreting structure (stylopodium) atop the ovary; seeds with oil glands
Special uses: Herbs and spices, vegetables (carrot, Daucus; celery – Apium; parsnip - Pastinaca), parsley (Petroselinum)
Required taxa: Daucus

5. Apiaceae
Zizia
Daucus
Anethum
Cicuta

6. Apiaceae reduced calyx inflexed petals inferior ovary 2 carpels
stylopodium

7. Apiaceae: Daucus -bristly annuals or biennials
with pinnately dissected leaves
-umbels compound
-involucre of more or less conspicuous
pinnate bracts
-flowers all or nearly all perfect, mostly
with pedicels
-mericarps with 5 slender, bristly 1°
ribs and 4 winged 2° ribs

8. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
anise
caraway
dill

9. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?

10. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
parsley

11. What part of the plant are you eating?
Apiaceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
carrot
parsnip

12. Euasterids II: Dipsacales: Caprifoliaceae (The Honeysuckle Family)
Widely distributed, especially in northern temperate regions
Herbs, shrubs, small trees and lianas; leaves opposite, simple
Diversity: 810 species in 36 genera
Flowers: Sepals 5, connate; petals 5, connate, often with 2 upper and 3 lower lobes or 1 upper and 4 lower lobes; stamens (1-) 4-5, filaments adnate to the corolla; carpels 2-5, connate, style elongate, stigma capitate, inferior ovary; fruit a capsule, berry, drupe, or achene.
Significant features: Flowers bilateral; large, spiny pollen
Special uses: Ornamentals: honeysuckle (Lonicera), Weigela, Symphoricarpus (snowberry)
Required taxa: Lonicera

13. Caprifoliaceae: Lonicera
-erect or climbing shrubs
-leaves entire
-calyx teeth very short
-corolla tubular or funnelform,
often more or less irregular
-fruit a several-seeded berry

14. Euasterids II: Dipsacales: Adoxaceae (The Elderberry family)
Widespread in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere but also in mountainous regions of S. Hemisphere
Small trees, shrubs or perennial herbs; leaves opposite, simple or trifoliolate or pinnately compound
Diversity: 245 species in 5 genera
Flowers: Bisexual, radial, small; sepals 2-5, connate, reduced; petals 4-5, connate, well developed but with a usually short tube; stamens 5, pollen with a reticulate exine; carpels 3-5, style(s) short; fruit a drupe, with 1-5 pits
Significant features: inflorescences determinate, umbellate, showy
Special uses: ornamentals (Viburnum, Sambucus), also jellies and wines
Required taxa: Viburnum, *Sambucus

15. Adoxaceae
Adoxa
Viburnum
Sambucus

16. Adoxaceae: Viburnum -shrubs or small trees -leaves simple
-inflorescences compound cymes
-flowers usually white (rarely pink)
-corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed
-ovary 3-carpellate, but two abort
-fruit a 1-locular, 1-seeded drupe

17. Adoxaceae: Sambucus -herbaceous, shrubby or arborescent
-leaves pinnately compound
-inflorescences compound cymes
-corolla broadly spreading
-fruit a drupe containing 3 pits

18. Euasterids II: Asterales: Campanulaceae (The Bellflower or Lobelia Family)
Widespread in northern temperate and sub-tropical regions; also in the montane tropics
Mostly herbs; occasionally woody; with laticifers/latex and milky sap; leaves usually alternate
Diversity: 2,200 species in 65 genera
Flowers: With a hypanthium; sepals 5, connate; petals 5, connate, forming a bell-shaped or bilabiate (or 1-lipped) corolla; stamens usually 5, distinct to distally connate, usually attached to a disk at apex of ovary; carpels 2-5, connate, inferior (or half-inferior) ovary; fruit a loculicidal or poricidal capsule, or berry
Significant features: pollen shed in a tube formed by connate anther parts; style (with pollen collecting hairs near the apex) grows through tube
Special uses: Mostly ornamentals (Campanula, Lobelia, Codonopsis, Platycodon)
Required taxa: Lobelia

19. Campanulaceae
pollen plunger
Campanula
Downingia
Lobelia
Platycodon

20. Campanulaceae: Lobelia
-herbs
-flowers resupinate
-calyx 5-parted, with a short tube
-corolla with a straight tube split on
the apparently upper side, somewhat
2-lipped, the upper lip with 2 lobes,
the lower with 3 lobes
-stamens free from the corolla,
united into a tube by the anthers
but also commonly by the filaments
-capsule 2-locular, opening at the top

21. Euasterids II: Asterales: Asteraceae (The Sunflower Family – Largest family of angiosperms)
Cosmopolitan
Herbs or shrubs (trees); resin canals or laticifers often present
Diversity: 23,000 species in 1,535 genera
Flowers: Sepals highly modified to form a scaly or hairy pappus; petals 5, connate, forming a tubular, bilabiate, radial or bilateral corolla; pollen plunger mechanism present; carpels 2, connate, inferior ovary; fruit an achene (cypsela), often with adherent pappus (calyx parts)
Significant features: flowers densely arranged into indeterminate heads (capitula), surrounded by involucral bracts (phyllaries), often with differentiation in inner flowers and outer flowers (disk and ray flowers); various pollination and dispersal syndromes
Special uses: Food plants: sunflower (Helianthus), chicory (Cichorium), artichoke (Cynara), lettuce (Lactuca); many ornamentals (marigolds, zinnias, chrysanthemum, dahlia, etc.).
Required taxa: Helianthus, Taraxacum, Solidago

22. Asteraceae
Pseudanthium =
false flower
disk + ray florets
phyllaries

23. Asteraceae Floral Terminology: Head (= capitulum) Involucre
Pseudanthium
Phyllaries
Floret
Ligulate or ray floret
Disk floret

24. Three flower arrangements ray flowers only disk flowers only
ray and disk flowers

25. Asteraceae: Taraxacum
-perennial or biennial herbs
-heads many-flowered, large,
solitary on a slender hollow scape,
of only ray flowers
-pappus feathery, becoming raised
on a stalk as the achene matures
-involucre reflexed at fruit maturity
for wind dispersal

26. Asteraceae: Helianthus
-coarse, stout herbs
-involucre of overlapping phyllaries
-heads solitary or in a corymb,
many-flowered, with both ray
and disk flowers, the ray flowers
with a yellow corolla
-chaff persistent
-pappus easily deciduous, of 2 thin
scales, sometimes 2 or more smaller
scales also present

27. Asteraceae: Solidago -perennial herbs
-stem leaves sessile or nearly so
-heads small, mostly in racemes
or clusters
-heads few- to many-flowered,
mostly of ray flowers
-ray flowers usually 1-20 per head,
pistillate
-pappus simple, of equal fine bristles
-achenes nearly terete

28. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
artichoke

29. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
chicory

30. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
lettuce
endive

31. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
safflower oil

32. What part of the plant are you eating?
Asteraceae
What part of the plant are you eating?
sunflower

33. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Medicinal plants
Camomile (Athemis)

34. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Weedy plants:
Dandelion (Taraxacum)

35. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Weedy plants:
Ragweed (Ambrosia)

36. Economic plants and products:
Asteraceae
Economic plants and products:
Ornamentals:
Chrysanthemum
(“mums;” Chrysanthemum)
Dahlia (Dahlia)
Daisy (Chrysanthemum)
Marigold (Tagetes)
Sunflower (Helianthus)
Zinnia (Zinnia)