1. Integumentary System

2. Organisms outer covering Varies in form but same basic function Made up of skin and its derivatives (scales, hair, nails, etc.) Largest organ

3. Function of the Integumentary System C L A P S

4. Thermoregulation Maintain homeostasis – stable internal environment – through regulating temperature Endothermic Ectothermic Warm blooded vs. cold blooded

5. Three Main Parts of Skin Epidermis – outermost layer of skin Dermis – under the epidermis Hypodermis/ Subcutaneous layer – lowest layer of skin, mostly loose connective tissue and adipose cells (fat)

6. Connective Tissue of the Skin Collagen Elastin Allow for flexibility

7. Melanin Pigment in skin – protection from UV rays Albinism: lack of pigment in skin/eyes

8. Accessory Structures Nails Hair Glands: – Sebaceous – sebum – Sweat Eccrine – “normal” sweat, most numerous, exit skin at a pore Apocrine – activated by stress, associated with hair follicles Specialized Sweat Glands: secrete ear wax (ceruminous fluid), mammary glands

9. Differences in Vertebrate Skin Scales – Fish (Placoid, Dermal, Cosmoid, Ganoid, Cycloid/Ctenoid) – Amphibians – Reptiles – Birds and mammals Horns and antlers Feathers

10. Skeletal System Goal: provide protection, support of body and organs – Provide attachment for muscles to allow for movement Origin Insertion

11. Skeletal System Bones have different shapes – Long bones (femur/humerus) Spongy bone and compact bone – Short bones (hands and feet) – Flat bones (skull) – Irregular bones (vertebrae)

13. Muscular System Goal: allow for movement, heat 3 types: skeletal, muscular, cardiac

14. Skeletal Muscle

15. Cardiac Muscle

16. Smooth Muscle

18. Digestive System Goal: use enzymes to break down food to make energy Starts at the mouth and ends with the anus

19. Respiratory System Goal: bring oxygen into the body so cellular respiration can occur – Rid body of excess carbon dioxide (waste product of cellular respiration) – Includes lungs, gills

20. Circulatory System Goal: transport blood throughout body – Blood carries nutrients, oxygen, waste – Includes heart, blood vessels

21. Nervous System Goal: regulate and coordinate all body systems, detect external stimuli, respond to stimuli Includes brain, spinal cord and associated nerves

22. Urogenital System Goal: rid body of waste, reproduction Includes kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra