1. Unit IVA AP United States History
Age of Jackson
Unit IVA
AP United States History

2. Jacksonian Democracy The “Common Man” Universal male suffrage
Strict constructionism
Laissez-faire economics
Democratization of nominations for elected office
Party caucuses to national conventions
Increase in local and state elected offices
Rise of third parties
Spoils system
Manifest Destiny
“County Election”
George Caleb Bingham
1852

3. Election of 1824 Democratic-Republicans fracturing
Election of 1824 has four candidates
Sec. of State John Quincy Adams
General/Senator Andrew Jackson
Sec. of Treasury William Crawford
Speaker of the House Henry Clay
“Corrupt Bargain”
House of Representatives chooses Adams
Impact
Establishment of Democrats and National Republicans
Second Party System

4. House Vote for Election of 1824

5. John Quincy Adams (NR) (1825-1829)
Son of Federalist John Adams
National Republican
Corrupt Bargain
Most of his proposals rejected by a pro-Jackson Congress
Alienated the South and West
Tariff of 1828
Tariff of Abominations

6. Second Party System (1828-1854)
Democrats:
States’ rights
Limited government
Laissez-faire
Expansionism
Pro-slavery
Equal opportunity
South and West
Yeoman farmers, working class, southern planters, immigrants
Anti-Masonic Party:
issue party concerned about Freemasons
promoted economic nationalism and social conservatism
Liberty Party:
abolitionist party
Free Soil Party:
Prevent expansion of slavery
Andrew Jackson
National Republicans/Whigs:
American System
Strong federal government
Mixed on slavery
Social conservatives
New England
Upper and middle class professionals, evangelical Protestants
Henry Clay

7. Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson (D) John Q. Adams (NR)
Political campaigns on national levels
Coffin Handbills
Jackson’s wife

8. “Old Hickory” The Common Man Spoils System A Strong Executive
Duelist, Gambler, Bar Fighter, Pipe-Smoker, Tobacco Chewer
War Hero
Spoils System
Hired loyalists and friends
A Strong Executive
Mandate from the people
“It was settled by the Constitution, the laws, and the whole practice of the government that the entire executive power is vested in the President of the United States.”
Endorsed states’ rights
Considered himself a Jeffersonian Democrat

9. Andrew Jackson (D) (1829-1837) Veto Power Peggy Eaton Affair
Maysville Road (1830)
Peggy Eaton Affair
“Kitchen Cabinet”
Private group of trusted advisors
Major Issues
Native Removal
Nullification Crisis
Bank of the United States

10. Jackson and Native Removal
Indian Removal Act (1830)
Negotiate with Native tribes for removal west to lands west of the Mississippi
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
Determined Native tribes not to be “foreign states” but as “domestic dependent nations”
Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
Determined sovereignty of Native tribes therefore not subject to state laws
Apocryphal: “John Marshall had made his decision. Now let him enforce it!” - Andrew Jackson
Trail of Tears
Many died from exposure, disease, starvation
60,000 removed; 15,000 died

11. Jackson and the Nullification Crisis
Tariff of Abominations (1828)
South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)
State could nullify federal law or possibly secede if necessary
Webster-Hayne Debates (1830)
Robert Hayne (SC)
Daniel Webster (MA): “Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”
Jefferson Day Dinner (1830)
Andrew Jackson: “Our federal Union: It must be preserved.”
John C. Calhoun: “The Union: Next to our Liberty, the most dear.”
Tariff of 1832
South Carolina’s Ordinance of Nullification (1832)
Force Bill (1833)
Tariff of 1833

12. Election of 1832 Andrew Jackson (D) Henry Clay (NR)
William Wirt (Anti-Masonic)
All candidates elected by national party convention
Bank of the United States was central issue

13. Jackson and the Bank War
Nicholas Biddle
Bank supported by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster
Andrew Jackson
“You are a den of vipers and thieves. I have determined to rout you out, and by the Eternal, I will rout you out!”
“The bank, Mr. Van Buren, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.”
Death of the National Bank
Jackson vetoed the charter
Transferred funds to state banks aka “pet banks”

14. Election of 1836 Martin van Buren (D) Whig Candidates Jackson’s VP
William Henry Harrison (OH)
Hugh White (TN)
Daniel Webster (MA)
Willie Mangum (NC)

15. Panic of 1837 National debt paid off in 1835 Specie Circular (1836)
Purchase of federal lands by gold and silver
Panic of 1837
Land speculation and crop failures
Hard currency led to devalue of paper money and inflation
Denial of Bank charter
States overextended in infrastructure projects
Banks closed; unemployment increased; depression for next five years