2. Biogeochemical Cycles of Matter Biology I

3. Cycling maintains homeostasis Matter in the form of nutrients, moves through the organisms at each trophic level Matter in the form of nutrients, moves through the organisms at each trophic level Matter cannot be replenished like energy from sunlight Matter cannot be replenished like energy from sunlight Matter is constantly recycled Matter is constantly recycled

4. Cycles of Matter Biogeochemical cycles-the process by which abiotic materials move from the atmosphere or soil into organisms and back again. There are 4 types of Cycles: ►Water ► Carbon/Oxygen ► Nitrogen ►Phosphorous

5. Water is the most common compound in all living cells & necessary for life Water is the most common compound in all living cells & necessary for life Most cycling occurs through the following   Transpiration-process where water leaves/enters the atmosphere by evaporating from leaves   Evaporation-process where water changes from liquid to gas form   Condensation-process where water vapors (gas) turns into liquid water   Precipitation-process where water vapor condenses, the drops of water fall to the earth (rain, sleet, hail, or snow)   Surface run off- when rain does not infiltrate into the soil it runs off the land back into rivers, lakes, oceans etc…..

7. Identify the following phases of the water cycle.

8. Water Cycle

10. The elements Carbon & Oxygen are also necessary for life Carbon is the building blocks for all living things In the atmosphere carbon is in the form of gas CO 2 Producers take in CO 2 for the process of photosynthesis & release O 2 through cellular respiration. Consumers release water and CO 2 as waste Carbon exists as: deposits of coal, petroleum, & natural gas derived from once-living organisms Carbon exists as: deposits of coal, petroleum, & natural gas derived from once-living organisms Ex: humus ► decaying leaves & material Large amounts of carbon are in wood & is released when burned Large amounts of carbon are in wood & is released when burned

11. Identify the following parts of the Carbon Cycle

13. Carbon Cycle

14. The nitrogen cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen N 2, into a form plants & animals can use Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere Organisms can’t use nitrogen gas in the air All organisms need Nitrogen to make proteins and nucleic acids Nitrogen must first go through the following steps: 1. 1. Nitrogen fixation- nitrogen fixing bacteria found on the roots of plants convert N2 into ammonia. 2. Ammonification-decomposers return N2 to the soil from remains of dead organisms & from animal and plant waste 3. Denitrification- anaerobic bacteria break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere