1. Activity #6: Organic Molecules

2. Organic Chemistry
Study of compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms
Inorganic chemistry: study of all other compounds

3. Why is carbon so special?
Has 4 valence electrons
Allowing it to form up to four bonds
One carbon atom can bond to another, giving it the ability to form chains that are almost unlimited in length
Carbon-carbon bonds can be single, double or even triple covalent bonds
Chains of carbon atoms can close up on themselves to form rings
HONC 1234

4. Organic Compounds vs. Inorganic Compounds
Usually defined as compounds which contain carbon with hydrogen
May contain additional elements as well
Produced only by living things
Biotic
Range from simple to very complex
Contain strong, covalent bonds
Examples: CH4, C6H12O6, SUGARS, PROTEINS, FATS, OILS, DNA
Inorganic
Usually defined as compounds that do not contain carbon with hydrogen
May contain just carbon
Often can be formed in the non-living environment
Abiotic
Can also be made by/found in living things
Examples: H2O, NaCl, O2, NH3, CaCO3, CO2

5. Practice table Substance Organic? Inorganic?
1. sodium chloride (table salt): NaCl
2. glucose: C6H12O6
3. water: H2O
4. heating oil: C14H30
5. chitin (a protein): C8H12NO5
6. thymine (a nitrogenous base): C5H5N2O2
7. sulfuric acid: H2SO4
8. oxygen gas: O2
9. ethanol: C2H5OH
10. adenosine triphosphate (ATP): C10H16N5O13P3
11. carbon dioxide: CO2
table

6. Macromolecules Main organic molecules of living things
Polymers made from monomers
Monomers: small repeating units
Polymers: larger molecules made from putting the monomers together
4 major group:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Protein

8. Macromolecules: Carbs.
GROUP
Basic Building Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide

9. Carbohydrates
Polymer
Monomer

10. Macromolecules: Lipids
GROUP
Basic Building Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
Triglyceride
The exception: Lipids are not composed of monomers and polymers. Instead, they take different forms.

11. Lipids

12. Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids
GROUP
Basic Building Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
Triglyceride
Nucleic Acid
(DNA or RNA)
Nucleotides

13. Nucleic Acids
Monomer
Polymer

14. Macromolecules: Proteins
GROUP
Basic Building Blocks (Monomers)
Macromolecule (Polymer)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
Glycerol
3 fatty acids
Triglyceride
Nucleic Acid
(DNA or RNA)
Nucleotides
Amino acids
Polypeptide/protein

15. Proteins
Polymer
Monomer

16. Macromolecules and Food
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Foods in which they are found
Breads, fruit, sweets, vegetables
Fats (butter), oils (olive, etc.)
All foods that came from living things
Meat, fish, beans, soy

17. Building and Breaking Down Macromolecules
2 major chemical processes (metabolic reactions) occur to build up or break down organic molecules into larger or smaller units
These reactions occur to build and break all four types of macromolecule (carb, lipid, nucleic acid, and protein)
Dehydration synthesis
Hydrolysis

18. Dehydration Synthesis
Chemical reaction where a large molecule is formed/synthesized from smaller molecules by taking away a water molecule

19. Hydrolysis
Chemical reaction where a large molecule is broken down/hydrolized into smaller molecules by adding a water molecule
disaccharide water → yields monosaccharide + monosaccharide