1. Frontalis O: galea aponeurotica I: eyebrows F: raise eyebrows, pull
scalp anteriorly
N: Facial Nerve
A: Raises eyebrow

2. O: frontal, maxillary bones I: eyelids
Orbicularis oculi
O: frontal, maxillary bones
I: eyelids
F: close eyes
N: Zygomatic branches of the
Facial nerve
A: closes eyelid

3. Zygomaticus Major Origin anterior of zygomatic
Insertion   modiolus of mouth
Nerve buccal branch of facial nerve
Action draws angle of mouth
upward and laterally
Zygomaticus Major

4. RISORIUS Origin parotid fascia Insertion modiolus Artery facial artery
Nerve Buccal branch of the facial nerve
Actions draw back angle of mouth SMILE!

5. O: muscles around mouth I: lips
Orbicularis oris
O: muscles around mouth
I: lips
F: close, purse lips
N: cranial nerve VII, buccal
branch of the facial nerve
A: pucker the lips

6. MENTALIS Origin anterior mandible Insertion chin
ArteryNerve mandibular branch of facial nerve
Actions elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip

7. BUCCINATOR
Origin from the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
Insertion   in the fibres of the orbicularis oris
Arterybuccal artery
Nervebuccal branch of the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve)
ActionsThe buccinator compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in acts such as blowing. It is an assistant muscle of mastication (chewing).

8. Buccinator O: maxilla & mandible I: orbicularis oris F: compress cheek
N: Buccal branch of the facial nerve VII
A: The buccinator compresses
the cheeks against the teeth and
is used in acts such as blowing.
It is an assistant muscle of mastication

9. Origin subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
Insertion   base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth; orbicularis oris
Artery branches of the Submental artery and Suprascapular artery
Nerve cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
ActionsDraws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and widens it (as in expressions of sadness and fright). Also draws the skin of the neck superiorly when teeth are clenched

10. Masseter O: zygomatic arch I: angle of mandible F: elevate mandible
N: masseteric nerve III
A: Closes mouth and
Retracts mandible

11. Temporalis Origin temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull.
Insertion   coronoid process
of the mandible.
Artery deep temporal
Nerve third branch (mandibular nerve)
of the trigeminal nerve
Action elevation and retraction
of mandibleAntagonistPlatysma muscle
Temporalis

12. Sternocleidomastoid Originmanubrium sterni,
Insertion   mastoid process of the temporal bone,
superior nuchal line
Artery occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery
Nerve motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus
Action Acting alone, tilts head to its own side
and rotates it so the face is turned towards the
opposite side. Acting together, flexes the neck,
raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration.
Sternocleidomastoid

13. Origin cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII)
Insertion   first and second ribs
Artery Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)
Nerve cervical nerves (C3-C8)
Actions elevation of ribs I&II

14. Origin iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion   Last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Artery Lumbar arteries, lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
Nerve The twelfth thoracic and first through fourth lumbar nerves
Actions Alone, lateral flexion of vertebral column; Together, depression of thoracic rib cage

15. External intercostals
O: ribs
I: ribs
F: elevate ribs, expand
thorax (inspire)

16. Internal intercostals
O: ribs
I: ribs
F: depress ribs, contract
thorax (expire)

18. External oblique
O: ribs
I: linea alba
F: flex, rotate trunk;
compress abdomen

19. Internal oblique
O: lumbar fascia
I: linea alba
F: flex & rotate trunk;
compress abdomen

20. Transversus abdominus
O: lumbar fascia & ribs
I: linea alba
F: compress abdomen, rotate trunk

21. Rectus abdominus
O: pubis
I: ribs
F: flex trunk, compress abdomen

22. Origin 3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages
Insertion   medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
Artery Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
Nerve Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
Actions It stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall.

23. Pectoralis Major Origin Clavicular head: anterior surface of the
medial half of the clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the
sternum, the superior six costal cartilages
Insertion   intertubercular groove of the humerus
Artery pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
Nerve: lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve Clavicular head: C5 and C6 Sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1
Action Clavicular head: flexes the humerus Sternocostal head: extends the humerus As a whole, adducts and medially rotates the
humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly
and inferiorly.
Pectoralis Major

24. Serratus anterior
O: ribs
I: scapula
F: protract & stabilize scapula

25. Origin first rib
Insertion   subclavian groove of clavicle
Artery thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch
Nerve nerve to subclavius
Actions depression of clavicle

26. Trapezius O: occipital bone, vertebrae I: scapula
F: extend head, fix scapula
Trapezius

27. Levator scapulae Origin Posterior tubercles
of transverse processes of C1 - C4
vertebrae
Insertion   
Superior part of medial border of scapula
Artery
dorsal scapular artery
Nerve
cervical nerve (C3, C4) and
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Action
Elevates scapula and tilts its
glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating
scapula

28. Rhomboid Originnuchal ligaments, spinous processes
of the C7 to T5 vertebrae
Insertion   medial border of the scapula
Artery dorsal scapular artery
Nerve dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)
Action Retracts the scapula and rotates it to
depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the
scapula to the thoracic wall.

29. DELTOIDS Origin clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula Insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Artery
primarily posterior circumflex
humeral artery
Nerve
Axillary nerve
Action
shoulder abduction, flexion
and extension

30. O: vertebrae
I: humerus
F: extend, adduct arm
Latissimus Dorsi

31. Teres major O: inferior angle of scapula F: extend, adduct arm
I: humerus
F: extend, adduct arm

32. Subscapularis
O: scapula
I: humerus
F: medially rotate arm

33. O: scapula
I: humerus
F: abducts arm, stabilize shoulder
Supraspinatus

34. O: scapula
I: humerus
F: laterally rotate arm
Infraspinatus

35. Teres minor O: Lateral border of scapula
I: humerus
F: laterally rotate, adduct arm

36. Coracobrachialis O: coracoid of scapula I: humerus
F: flex and adduct arm
Coracobrachialis

37. O: scapula & humerus I: olecranon of ulna F: extend forearm & arm
Triceps brachii N:

38. ANCONEUS Origin lateral epicondyle of the humerus proximally
Insertion   lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna distally
Artery deep brachial artery, recurrent interosseous artery
Nerve radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)
Actions It is partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm. It also stabilises the elbow during pronation and supination and pulls slack out of the elbow joint capsule during extention to prevent impingement.

39. O: scapula
I: radial tuberosity
F: flex forearm & arm
Biceps brachii

40. BRACHIALIS
Origin anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone
Insertion   coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna
Artery radial recurrent artery
Nerve musculocutaneous nerve
Actions flexion at elbow joint

41. Brachioradialis Origin Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Insertion   
Distal radius (Radial styloid process)
Artery
radial recurrent artery
Nerve
radial nerve
Action
Flexion of forearm

42. PRONATOR TERES Origin humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
(common flexor tendon) ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
Insertion   
radius
Artery
ulnar artery and radial artery
Nerve
median nerve
Action
pronation of forearm, flexes elbow

43. FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS Origin
medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)
Insertion   
Bases of second and third metacarpal bones
Artery
ulnar artery
Nerve
Median nerve
Action
Flexion and abduction at wrist
Antagonist
Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle, Extensor carpi
radialis longus muscle

44. PALMARIS LONGUS Origin medial epicondyle of humerus
(common flexor tendon)
Insertion   
palmar aponeurosis
Artery
ulnar artery
Nerve
median nerve
Action
wrist flexor

45. FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS Origin medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)
Insertion   
pisiform
Artery
ulnar artery
Nerve
muscular branches of ulnar nerve
Action
flexion of wrist
Antagonist
Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

46. Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: humerus, ulna, radius
I: middle phalanges 2-5
F: flex hand, phalanges

47. FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS
Origin
The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and
the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally
a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the ulna.)
Insertion   
The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Artery
Anterior interosseus artery
Nerve
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve)
(C8, T1)
Action
Flexion of the thumb.

48. Flexor digitorum profundus
O: ulna
I: distal phalanges 2-5
F: flex hand, phalanges

49. PRONATOR QUADRATUS Origin medial, anterior surface of the ulna
Insertion   lateral, anterior surface of the radius
Artery anterior interosseous artery
Nerve median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)
Actions pronates the forearm
Antagonist Supinator muscle

50. Brachioradialis
O: humerus
I: styloid of radius
F: flex forearm

51. Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: humerus
I: 2nd metacarpal
F: extend and abduct hand

52. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: 3rd metacarpal
F: extend & abduct hand

53. Extensor digitorum O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: distal phalanges 2-5
F: extend hand & phalanges

54. Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: 5th metacarpal
F: extend, adduct hand

55. Supinator
O: humerus, ulna
I: radius
F: supinate forearm

57. Psoas major
O: vertebrae
I: femur
F: flex thigh

58. Iliacus
O: ilium
I: femur
F: flex thigh

59. Sartorius
O: ilium (A.S.I.S.)
I: tibia
F: flex thigh & leg

60. ADDUCTOR BREVIS Origin anterior surface of the inferior ramus
and body of the pubis
Insertion   
the lesser trochanter and linea aspera
of the femur
Artery
Obturator artery
Nerve
obturator nerve
Action
adduction of hip
ADDUCTOR BREVIS

61. ADDUCTOR MAGNUS Origin pubis, tuberosity of the ischium Insertion
femur
Artery
Obturator artery
Nerve
posterior branch of obturator
nerve (adductor) and
sciatic nerve (hamstring)[1]
Action
adduction of hip
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

62. PECTINEUS Origin pubis - superior pubic ramus
Insertion   Lesser trochanter, linea aspera
Artery Obturator artery
Nerve Femoral nerve, sometimes obturator nerve
Actions Thigh - flexion, adduction, medial rotation

63. GRACILIS MUSCLE Origin ischiopubic ramus Insertion
tibia (pes anserinus)
Nerve
anterior branch of obturator nerve
Action
flexes hip, knee

64. Biceps femoris O: ischial tuberosity & femur I: tibia & fibula
F: extend thigh & flex leg

65. Rectus femoris O: ilium (A.I.I.S.) I: tibia via patella
F: flex thigh & extend leg

66. Vastus lateralis
O: femur
I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg

67. Vastus medialis
O: femur
I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg

68. Vastus intermedius
O: femur
I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg

69. Tensor fascia lata
O: ilium
I: iliotibial band
F: abduct & flex thigh

70. Iliotibial Tract- General Anatomy: - Contracture of the IT Band:     - contracture of the IT band is common in CP and polio;     - patients demonstrate flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip;     - diff dx: abduction contracture;     - exam: - Ober test: - detects contracture of the iliotibial band;                   - have pt lie on normal hip, with affect hip and knee flexed;                   - hip is abducted and extended inorder to center the iliotibial
band on the greater trochanter;                   - then attempt to adduct the hip, which will be limited w/ contracture;     - reference:             - A new test for esteimating iliotibial band contracture.                   V.K. Gautam and S. Anand.   JBJS. Vol 80-B. No 3. May p 474.

71. Gluteus maximus
O: ilium & sacrum
I: femur
F: extend thigh

72. Gluteus medius
O: ilium
I: femur
F: abduct & medially
rotate thigh

73. Piriformis Origin sacrum Insertion greater trochanter Artery
Inferior gluteal artery , Lateral sacral artery, Superior gluteal artery,
Nerve
nerve to the Piriformis (L5, S1, and S2 nerve roots)
Action
rotate laterally (outward) the thigh

74. OBTURATOR EXTERNUS Origin obturator foramen and obturatory membrane
Insertion   medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Artery obturator artery
Nerve posterior branch of obturator nerve (third and fourth lumbar nerves)
Actions adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh

75. QUADRATUS FEMORIS Origin Ischial tuberosity
Insertion   Intertrochanteric crest
Artery Inferior gluteal artery
Nerve Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
Actions lateral rotation and adduction of thigh[1]

76. GLUTEUS MINIMUS Origin Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius.
Insertion   Greater trochanter of the femur
Artery superior gluteal artery
Nerve superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nerve roots)
Actions Works in concert with gluteus medius: abduction of the hip; preventing adduction of the hip. Medial rotation of thigh.
Antagonist lateral rotator group

77. Semitendinosus O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia
F: extend thigh & flex leg

78. Semimembranosus O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia
F: extend thigh & flex leg

79. Vastus intermedius
O: femur
I: tibia via patella
F: extend leg

80. Adductor magnus O: ischium & pubis I: femur F: adduct, flex,
laterally rotate thigh

81. Tibialis anterior
O: tibia
I: tarsals & metatarsal 1
F: dorsiflex foot

82. FIBULARIS TERTIUS Origin distal anterior surface of the fibula
Insertion   dorsal surface of metatarsal 5
Artery anterior tibial artery
Nerve deep fibular nerve
Actions dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

83. Fibularis longus (peroneous longus)
Origin
fibula
Insertion   
first metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Artery
fibular (peroneal) artery
Nerve
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Action
plantarflexion, eversion
Antagonist
Tibialis anterior muscle

84. Peroneus longus O: fibula I: 1st metatarsal
F: plantar flex & evert foot

85. PERONEUS (FIBULARIS) BREVIS

86. PERONEUS LONGUS & BREVIS
Origin fibula
Insertion   fifth metatarsal
Artery peroneal artery
Nerve superficial peroneal nerve
Actions plantarflexion, eversion

87. Gastrocnemius
O: femur
I: calcaneus
F: plantar flex foot,
flex knee

88. Soleus
O: tibia & fibula
I: calcaneus
F: plantar flex foot