1. NATO and the UN
Case Study
Yugoslavia

2. Historical Background
historically Yugoslavia was made up of many different ethnic groups and religions which had caused many conflicts throughout it’s history
under communism in Yugoslavia, these old ethnic and religious rivalries had been kept down by the Communist Government – they thought the ideology of communism was more important than religious or ethnic ideologies
the death of Yugoslavia’s Communist leader (President TITO) and the collapse of Communism elsewhere in Europe led to the end of Communist control in Yugoslavia

3. Historical Background (cont’d)
the old religious and ethnic rivalries came back to the surface in Yugoslavia
the different ethnic groups inside Yugoslavia demanded to set up their own countries - main groups are:
SERBS
CROATS
MUSLIMS
the result of this has been very a ‘bloody’ conflict (involving “ethnic cleansing”) which international organisations were unable to solve for a long time

4. What actions did NATO and the UN take to try to stop the conflict?
negotiated cease-fires
sent in peacekeeping troops
suggested peace plans (e.g. the “Vance- Owen” plan / Dayton Peace Plan)
imposed sanctions (i.e. trade bans/weapons bans etc)
declared “no-fly zones”
sent in aid - food, medical supplies etc.
created ‘safe havens’ for refugees
carried out air strikes
sent in ground troops
established neutral ‘buffer zones’

5. Case Studies - September 2001
The United Nations has lifted its arms embargo against Yugoslavia, three years after it was imposed over the treatment of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.
The 15 members of the UN Security Council voted unanimously for the embargo to be lifted.
ARMS EMBARGOS
UN tanks enforcing arms embargo

6. Case Studies - Peacekeeping Forces and Air Strikes
Nato embarks on its first-ever military operation by launching a campaign of air strikes against Bosnian Serb positions to force the Bosnian Serbs to negotiate a peace settlement; Nato deploys thousands of troops - the Implementation Force (Ifor) - to monitor and enforce a ceasefire in Bosnia.
NATO launched an 11-week campaign of air strikes against Yugoslavia involving more than 1,000 warplanes - the largest military operation ever undertaken by Nato
UN soldier on peacekeeping duties

7. Case Studies - No-fly Zones and Buffer Zones
In 2002 Nato-led peacekeepers and the Yugoslav army have signed an accord which reduces the military no-fly zone around Kosovo. Under the deal, the air exclusion zone is to be reduced from 25 km to 10 km. The measure is being seen as another sign of improving relations between the former foes.
Earlier this year, Nato abolished its 5 km wide ground safety zone between Kosovo and Serbia.
The two buffer zones were established in 1999 as part of a deal that ended Nato's bombing campaign against Yugoslavia.
NATO troops patrolling the buffer zone between Kosovo and Serbia

8. THE END
WHOSE STILL AWAKE?