1. The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

2. What is Imperialism? Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or social life of another country or region.

3. According to the map which country is controlling the other?

4. What are the forms of Imperialism? Colony –Imperial nation controls all aspects of the weaker country (Political, Economic and Social) Government officials are sent from the stronger nation to run the weaker country Protectorate –Weaker country has its own government –Imperial nation controls the policies of the weaker country militarily or diplomatically Sphere of Influence –Imperial nations only control economic aspects of the nation through exclusive trading rights

5. What Forces Enabled Imperialism? Maxim gun – (1889). World’s first automatic machine gun. Railroads & Steamships – allowed Europeans to control their empire. Cure for Malaria – quinine protected Europeans from disease Ethnic and Cultural diversity – caused internal conflict and discouraged unity among some nations, especially Africa.

6. Why did European Countries Imperialize? EconomicPoliticalSocial Raw Materials for Industrialization Boost national pride and prestige Spread Religion Cheap LaborMilitary Naval bases, additional troops Social Darwinism – Survival of the fittest MoneyGain PowerWhite Man’s Burden New MarketsIncreased SecurityDesire to spread culture Places for settlersExpand TerritoryExploration

7. What is Social Darwinism? This is a great example of how science can influence social, political and economic values and actions! Darwin’s - Survival of the fittest applied to Society Who would be the “fittest” of the human species?

8. What is the “White Man’s Burden”?

9. Which motive do you think is the most praiseworthy? Which is the least? You Decide

10. Throughout the 1800s, an increased demand for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led European nations to pursue policies of A. Imperialism B. Communism C. Nationalism D. Socialism

11. Which of the following is not a form of imperialism? A. Colony B. Sphere of Influence C. Empire D. Protectorate

12. Which of the following is not a force that enabled European countries to conquer weaker nations? A. Maxim Gun B. Ethnic Unity C. Quinine D. Railroads

13. Which of the following was not a reason for European colonization? A. The Industrial Revolution B. Social Darwinism C. Spread of Christianity D. Isolationism

14. What was the Scramble for Africa? Dr. David Livingston & Henry Stanley explored Africa Sent back news about the abundance of natural resources Reports set off a fierce competition for colonies in Africa.

15. What was the Berlin Conference of 1885? 14 Nations met in Berlin, Germany and agreed to partition Africa Africa was divided in many pieces with no regard for the people living there Tribal regions were split between imperialist nations Enemy tribes often found themselves together within the same borders

16. By 1914 European nations controlled 90% of Africa

17. Which nations were not colonized by 1914?

18. What areas did not fall victim to colonization? Liberia and Ethiopia

19. What land do you think is most desirable? Resources Water Close to the “mother country” Why would Great Britain want the Suez Canal? Connected the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea Provided shorter route to Asia

20. What does it mean to partition? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 1.Conquer 2.Divide 3.Ignore 4.Destroy

21. What was the Berlin Conference of 1885? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 A.A meeting to end imperialism in Africa B.A meeting to partition Africa with no regard to the ethnic and tribal diversity C.A meeting to discuss the building of the Berlin Wall D.A meeting to partition China with no regard to the people living there

22. Who was King Leopold and what did he want with the Congo? King Leopold was the monarch of Belgium. Leopold sought the Congo for its rich natural resources of rubber, ivory and cheap labor. In 1882 a treaty was signed with local chiefs of the Congo River valley. The treaties gave King Leopold II of Belgium personal control over the land.

23. How did King Leopold treat the natives? Leopold licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans, by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants. Africans harvesting rubber in the Congo.

24. The system was unusually exploitative and brutal, even in Colonial Africa. Whipping was a common form of punishment for workers who did not meet their quotas or who disobeyed the white man's rules.

25. The man lost his hand from ropes tied too tight by Belgian Rubber Company soldiers. The boy lost his hand from soldiers that wanted to claim him as a kill.

26. A man who refused to go work in the rubber plantation looks at the severed foot and hand of his 5 year old daughter.

27. What were the effects of Leopold’s conquest of The Congo? He killed thousands of natives He depleted the resources such as elephants and rubber

28. You Decide 1.Based on the previous images, why do you think King Leopold conducted such serious penalties on the Congolese people? 2.What do you think could be done to stop these crimes against humanity?

29. 3. Based on this picture and what you have just learned, what do you think is King Leopold’s primary interest in the Congo? 4. Create a title for this picture.

30. What really happened? The World Demanded Changes Much of Europe frowned upon these atrocities He could no longer get loads for his work in the Congo and had to borrow money from the Belgium Government. In 1908 Belgium took the lands for itself and renamed it the Belgian Congo. Many of the hardships of the natives were reduced and living conditions were improved.

31. The Boers and the Zulu The Great Trek 10,000 Afrikaners- these are Dutch Setters (European/White) British referred them as Boers left the Cape Colony to avoid living under British rule They established 2 independent republics but immediately began fighting with their new neighbors, the Zulu. Eventually the British would join the fight against the Zulu, a powerful nation with a large empire in Africa The British, due to greater numbers and better weapons (guns), would eventually defeat the Zulu.

32. The Boers and The British British settlers traveled to the Boers newly established republic in search for gold and diamonds. The British knew what a wealthy location for resources South Africa was and wanted to control it. The British settlers wanted civil rights under the Boer territory These tensions erupted in the Anglo-Boer war, which the British won in three years. The war was between the Dutch (Afrikaners/Boers) and the British over African land.

33. How does this effect us today? Is anyone familiar with the term, apartheid? What does it mean? Segregation and discrimination on the basis of race After the British got control in South Africa, they made it impossible for any non-whites to have the right to vote, extremely limiting their power and rights.

34. Who was the first to imperialize the Congo? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 1.King Leopold of Belgium 2.The country of Belgium 3.The country of Great Britain 4.King James of England

35. Why did King Leopold want to imperialize the Congo? 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 1.He wanted the diamonds that were there 2.He wanted it for his own personal use 3.He wanted to exploit the cheap labor, and for rubber, and ivory 4.Both 2 and 3

36. What were the effects of King Leopold’s control of the Congo 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 A.Leopold mistreated the natives and left thousands dead B.Leopold stripped the land of its resources C.Leopold used the land and its people for his own personal gain D.All of the above

37. Social Motive Motive: Social Darwinism – European culture is superior to indigenous (native) cultures. Justified inhuman treatment of indigenous people Example: Belgian Congo Effects: King Leopold increased his personal wealth while many indigenous people died

38. Social Motive Motive: White Man’s Burden – European duty to “civilize” indigenous people by spreading European culture, Christianity, and education. Example: – Henry Stanley’s belief that Europeans should “civilize” Africa. Effects: – African tribal cultures destroyed

39. Social Motive Motive: Missionary – a person sent on a religious mission to promote Christianity Example: David Livingston set up missionaries in Central and East Africa Effects: The indigenous people forced to convert to Christianity. Tribal religions decline

40. Economic Motive Motive: Cheap labor – business owners exploited the indigenous people by forcing them to work, paying them low wages with poor working conditions Example: 1.British forced Egyptians to construct the Suez Canal. 2.King Leopold forced the Congolese to work on rubber plantations Effects: People died or were treated poorly

41. Economic Motive Motive: Raw Materials – Countries wanted natural resources for the Industrial Revolution Example: 1.Leopold wanted to control the Congo for rubber and Ivory 2.The British wanted to control South Africa for Gold and Diamonds Effects: 1.Natural resources depleted in the Congo 2.Boer War was fought and English won control

42. Economic Motive Motive: Place to Settle - competition for jobs after the Industrial Revolution began caused people to move to finds work. Example: People left Britain to find work on the Suez Canal and France to find work in Algeria Effects: British gain control of Suez Canal and French move to Algeria in search of work

43. Political Motive Motive: Increased Security/Protection – select land close to home to protect borders Example: French soldiers fought in Algeria for 10 years to gain control of Algeria Effects: 1M French settle in North Africa

44. Political Motive Motive : Expand Territory – Gain power and prestige by having more land Example: British fought the Boers in South Africa Effects: Great Britain had the largest empire in the world

45. Political Motive Motive: Boost National Pride – gain power and prestige in the world Example: Great Britain fought France in the Sudan Effects: Great Britain gained national pride by defeating the French

46. Political Effects Conflict increased between African tribes African’s began nationalist movements to gain independence movements Economic effects Europeans profited from establishing, mines, plantations, factories and ports Europeans profited from paying low wages and imposing taxes Europeans profited from increased trade and new markets to sell goods Europeans depleted natural resources African subjected to brutal treatment Social Effects Decline of African traditions and culture Acceptance of Christianity among Africans

47. Think Pair Share Which effect do you think had the most lasting effect on Africa? Why?

48. Which of the following is not a form of imperialism? A. Colony B. Sphere of Influence C. Empire D. Protectorate

49. Which of the following is not a force that enabled European countries to conquer weaker nations? A. Maxim Gun B. Ethnic Unity C. Quinine D. Railroads

50. Which of the following was not a reason for European colonization? A. The Industrial Revolution B. Social Darwinism C. Spread of Christianity D. Isolationism

51. Who was the first to imperialize the Congo? 1.King Leopold of Belgium 2.The country of Belgium 3.The country of Great Britain 4.King James of England 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

52. Why did King Leopold want to imperialize the Congo? 1.He wanted the diamonds that were there 2.He wanted it for his own personal use 3.He wanted to exploit the cheap labor, and for rubber, and ivory 4.Both 2 and 3 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

53. What were the effects of King Leopold’s control of the Congo A.Leopold mistreated the natives and left thousands dead B.Leopold stripped the land of its resources C.Leopold used the land and its people for his own personal gain D.All of the above 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

54. Why did Europe try to create warfare between the African tribes? 1.Because Europe did not have strong enough weapons to compete with African tribe weapons 2.To join forces with the strongest tribe 3.Europeans wanted to learn about African tribal warfare through observation 4.They would not fight European Imperialism if they were busy fighting each other 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

55. The Boar War occurred because 1.The British wanted to avenge their defeat by the French 2.The Dutch wanted to keep control of their African land 3.The country of Great Britain wanted to control the Suez Canal 4.France wanted gold in Algeria 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

56. The following were all effects of imperialism except… 1.Tribes in African fought over geographical locations 2.Natural Resources were depleted 3.Africans were forced to convert to Christianity 4.Africans were granted citizenship in their “European mother country” 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930

57. The following is an example of a social reason for imperialism 1.To obtain natural resources to help build roads and bridges 2.For national pride and prestige 3.To control strategic geographical locations 4.To convert Africans to Christianity 1234567891011121314151617181920 21222324252627282930