1. Muscle Flash Cards Prepared by: Feng-Yen Li Supervised by: Kim Topp

2. Neck and Trunk

4. Scalenes Origin Cervical vertebrae Insertion First two ribs Action Flex + slightly rotate neck Innervation Anterior primary rami of C5, 6; (Rami and trunks of brachial plexus passes between anterior and middle scalenes) Arterial Supply (Subclavian vein passes anterior to anterior scalene; Subclavian artery passes posterior to anterior scalene)

6. Sternocleidomastoid Origin Manubrium, clavicle Insertion Mastoid process Action flex + rotate head Innervation Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) Arterial Supply Sternocleidomastoid artery

8. Levator Scapulae Origin Cervical vertebrae Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula Action Elevates scapula Innervation Dorsal scapula (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves Arterial Supply Dorsal scapular artery

10. Splenius Origin Thoracic vertebrae Insertion Mastoid process Action Extends and rotates head and neck Innervation Dorsal rami Arterial Supply Muscular branch of occipital artery

12. Origin Clavicle, sternum, 6 th costal cartilage Insertion humerus Action Flexes, adducts, + medially rotates arm Innervation Medial and lateral pectoral nerves Arterial Supply pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

14. Pectoralis Minor Origin 3rd to 5th ribs Insertion coracoid process Action Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall Innervation Medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

16. Serratus Anterior Origin Ribs Insertion Scapula Action protract + superiorly rotate scapula Innervation long thoracic nerve Arterial Supply lateral thoracic artery

18. Trapezius Origin thoracic/cervical vertebrae, occiput Insertion clavicle, acromion, + spine of scapula Action elevate, retract, depress, + superiorly rotate scapula Innervation Accessory nerve (CN XI) Arterial Supply Transverse cervical artery

20. Rhomboid Origin thoracocervical vertebrae Insertion Medial border of scapula Action Retract + inferiorly rotate scapula Innervation Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5) Arterial Supply Dorsal scapular artery

22. Latissimus Dorsi Origin Thoracolumbar fascia, thoracic vertebra, illiac crest, ribs Insertion humerus Action Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing Innervation Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) Arterial Supply Thoracodorsal artery

24. Teres Major Origin Inferior angle of scapula Insertion Humerus Action Adducts and medially rotates arm; assist arm extension Innervation Lower subscapular nerve (C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries

26. Teres Minor Origin Lateral border of scapula Insertion Greater tuberosity of humerus Action Laterally rotate arm; hold humeral head in glenoid fossa Innervation Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Arterial Supply Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries

28. Infraspinatus Origin Medial border of scapula Insertion Greater tuberosity of humerus Action Laterally rotate arm; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid fossa Innervation Suprascapular nerve (C5 and C6) Arterial Supply Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries

30. Supraspinatus Origin Supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion Greater tuberosity of humerus Action Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction Innervation Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5 and C6) Arterial Supply Suprascapular artery

32. Subscapularis Origin Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion Lesser tuberosity of humerus Action Medially rotates arm and adducts it; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity. Innervation Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Subscapular artery

34. Deltoids Origin clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula Insertion humerus Action All movements of arm except adduction Innervation Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) Arterial Supply anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

35. Anterior Arm Action Flex the forearm at elbow joint (except coracobrachialis) Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery

37. Coracobrachialis Origin coracoid process Insertion Humerus Action flex and adduct arm Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery

39. Biceps Brachii Origin –Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula –Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion Radius Action Supinates + flexes (when supine) forearm Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6 ) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery

41. Brachialis Origin Humerus Insertion Ulna Action Major flexor of forearm Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery, recurrent radial artery

42. Posterior Arm Action Extend the forearm at elbow joint Innervation Radial nerve Arterial Supply Branches of deep brachial artery

44. Triceps Brachii Origin –Long head: scapula –Medial + Lateral heads: posterior surface of humerus Insertion Olecranon process of ulna Action Chief extensor of forearm Innervation Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8) Arterial Supply Branches of deep brachial artery

45. Anterior Forearm Action Pronate the forearm, flex the wrist, and flex the digits Innervation Median and ulnar nerves

46. Superficial Muscles Origin Medial epicondyle Innervation Median nerves (except flexor carpi ulnaris) Artery Supply Ulna artery (except flexor carpi radialis)

48. Pronator Teres Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion Radius Action Pronates and flexes forearm Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

50. Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion 2 nd metacarpal Action Flexes the wrist Innervation Median nerve (C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Radial artery

52. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin Mainly medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion Pisiform bone, hamate bone, + 5th metacarpal Action Flexes the wrist Innervation Ulnar nerve (C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

54. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna Insertion middle phalanges of digits 2 – 5 Action Flexes digits 2-5 (not at distal interphalangeal joint) Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

56. Palmaris Longus Origin Medial epicondyle, radius, ulna Insertion Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Action Flexes wrist Innervation Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

57. Deep Muscles Origin Radius and Ulna Innervation Mostly median nerve (C8 and T1) Artery Supply Mostly anterior interosseous artery

59. Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin Ulna Insertion distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5 Action Flexes phalanges 2-5 at distal interphalangeal joint Innervation –Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) –Lateral part: median nerve (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries

61. Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin Radius Insertion distal phalanx of thumb Action Flexes thumb Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous artery

63. Pronator Quadratus Origin Ulna Insertion Radius Action Pronates forearm Innervation Median nerve (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Anterior interosseous artery

64. Posterior Forearm Action Supinate the forearm, extend the wrist, and extend the digits Innervation Radial nerve

65. Superficial Muscles Origin Lateral epicondyle or humerus Innervation Mostly radial nerve Artery Supply Mostly Radial artery

67. Extensor Digitorum Origin Lateral epicondyle Insertion Extensor expansions of digits 2-5 Action Extends metacarpophalangeal joints + wrist joint Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous arteries

69. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origin Lateral epicondyle Insertion 5th metacarpal Action Extends and adducts wrist joint Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8); deep branch of the radial nerve Arterial Supply Ulnar artery

71. Origin Humerus Insertion 2nd metacarpal Action Extends hand at wrist joint Innervation Radial nerve (C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Radial artery Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

73. Origin Lateral epicondyle Insertion 3rd metacarpal Action Extends hand at wrist joint Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8) Arterial Supply Radial artery Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

75. Brachioradialis Origin Humerus Insertion Radius Action Flexes forearm Innervation Radial nerve (C5, C6 and C7) Arterial Supply Radial recurrent artery

76. Deep Muscles Origin Ulna and interosseous membrane between radius and ulna Innervation Mostly deep branch of radial nerve Artery Supply (posterior) interosseous artery

78. Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin Ulna Insertion 1st metacarpal Action Abducts thumb Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

80. Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin Ulna Insertion Distal phalanx of thumb Action Extends thumb Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

82. Extensor Indicis Origin Ulna Insertion 2 nd digit Action Extends 2nd digit Innervation Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), deep branch of the radial nerve Arterial Supply Posterior interosseous artery

84. Supinator Origin Lateral epicondyle, ulna Insertion Radius Action Supinates forearm Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve (C5, C6) Arterial Supply Recurrent interosseous artery

85. The Hand Innervation Mostly ulnar nerve (except thenar eminence) Palmar Aponeurosis Carpal Tunnel (Median nerve, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus; transverse carpal ligament) Osseofibrous tunnels Extensor expansion

87. Thenar Eminence Muscles Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the thumb Innervation Recurrent branches of median nerve

89. Hypothenar Eminence Muscles Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi Action Abduct, flex, and oppose the little finger Innervation Ulnar nerve

91. Adductor Pollicis Origin 3rd metacarpal Insertion Proximal phalanx of thumb Action Adducts thumb Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Deep palmar arterial arch

93. Palmar Interossei Origin Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5 Action Adduct digits toward axial line along 3 rd digit Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Palmar metacarpal arteries

95. Dorsal Interossei Origin Adjacent sides of two metacarpals Insertion Proximal phalanges of digits 2, 3 and 4 Action Abduct digits away from axial line along 3 rd digit Innervation Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) Arterial Supply Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries

96. Anterior Thigh Action Extend leg at knee joint (except sartorius) Innervation Femoral nerve Artery Supply femoral artery

98. Sartorius Origin Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion Medial/anterior tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint and flexes the knee Innervation Femoral nerve Arterial Supply Muscular branches of the femoral artery

100. Quadriceps Origin Femur Insertion Patella Action Extends the knee Innervation Muscular branches of femoral nerve Arterial Supply Lateral circumflex femoral artery

101. Medial Thigh Action Adduct thigh at hip joint Innervation Obturator nerve

103. Adductors Origin Ishial pubic regions of the pelvis Insertion Femur shaft Action Adducts thigh Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Femoral artery + others

105. Gracilis Origin Inferior ramus of pubis Insertion Medial surface of tibial shaft (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, adducts the thigh, and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur Innervation Obturator nerve Arterial Supply Obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, and muscular branches of profunda femoris artery

106. Posterior Thigh (Hamstring Muscles) Action Flex the leg at knee joint, extend thigh Innervation Sciatic nerve

108. Semitendinosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Tibia (pes anserine) Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

110. Semimembranosus Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Medial tibial condyle Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia medially (when flexed) Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

112. Long Head of Biceps Femoris Origin Ischial tuberosity Insertion Fibular head Action Flexes the knee, extends thigh, rotates the tibia laterally Innervation Sciatic nerve Arterial Supply Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

113. Anterior Leg Action Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes Innervation Deep fibular nerve (deep peroneal) Artery Supply Anterior tibial artery

115. Tibialis Anterior Origin Lateral condyle of tibia Insertion 1 st metatarsal Action Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

117. Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Distal phalanx of great toe Action Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

119. Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Middle and distal phalanges Action Extends toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle Innervation Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial artery

120. Lateral Leg Action Evert the foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve Artery Supply Peroneal artery

122. Fibularis Longus Origin Head of fibula Insertion Medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Anterior tibial and peroneal arteries

124. Fibularis Brevis Origin Fibula Insertion 5th metatarsal base Action Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle Innervation Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of peroneal artery

125. Posterior Leg Action Plantarflex the foot and flex the toes Innervation Tibial nerve Artery Supply Posterior tibial vessels

126. Superficial Muscles Action Plantarflex the foot Innervation Tibial nerve Artery Supply Posterior tibial vessels

128. Gastrocnemius Origin Medial and lateral femoral condyles Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle + flexor of the leg Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Sural branch of the popliteal artery

130. Soleus Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Calcaneus (Achilles tendon) Action Powerful plantar flexor of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries

131. Deep Muscles Action Plantarflex the foot and flex toes Innervation Tibial nerve Artery Supply Posterior tibial artery

133. Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin Tibia Insertion Plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges Action Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery

135. Flexor Hallucis Longus Origin Fibula Insertion Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe Action Flexes great toe; helps in plantar flexion of ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (S2, S3) Arterial Supply Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery

137. Tibialis Posterior Origin Fibula and Tibia Insertion Various locations at the base of foot Action Principal invertor of foot; adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle Innervation Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Arterial Supply Muscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries

138. Gluteal Region

140. Iliopsoas Origin Lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa Insertion Lesser trochanter of femur Action Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other; flex the thigh at the hip joint Innervation –Psoas: lumbar plexus; L1-4 –Iliacus: femoral nerve (L2-4) Arterial Supply Internal iliac artery

142. Gluteus Maximus Origin Sacrum and pelvis Insertion Femur and iliotibial band to tibia Action Major extensor of thigh at hip joint Innervation Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) Arterial Supply Inferior and superior gluteal arteries

144. Gluteus Medius Origin Dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest Insertion Greater trochanter Action Major abductor of thigh; rotate thigh medially and laterally Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Superior gluteal artery

146. Gluteus Minimus Origin Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines Insertion Greater trochanter Action Abducts and medially rotates the thigh Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Superior gluteal artery

148. Piriformis Origin Sacrum Insertion Greater trochanter Action Lateral rotator of the hip joint; also helps abduct the hip if it is flexed Innervation Piriformis nerve (S1, S2) Arterial Supply Superior and inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries

150. Tensor Fasciae Latae Origin ASIS Insertion Iliotibial band to tibia Action Helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia Innervation Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) Arterial Supply Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery