2. Pick up the handout with the two poems. Read and annotate each and answer the related questions (on the handout).

3. How did regional differences increase sectionalism and lead to conflict between the North and the South?

4. Strong loyalty to one region than to the nation as a whole. Discovery Education: Chapter 1.3 or 9.2 1. Click Elaborate 2. Data Analysis : Same Nation, Different Worlds 3. Launch activity! 4. Answer the questions on the paper provided.

5. On each notecard provided, write down words to describe the North and the South during the early to mid-1800’s. One word per card! Sort the words into two groups: North and South. Discuss and categorize the words into three groups: political, social, or economic. Quickwrite: Which difference, political, social, or economic, had the greatest impact on increasing sectionalism? Explain your choice.

6. Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state North: Opposed What would keep slavery from spreading into the rest of the Louisiana Purchase It was north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi that was free territory South: Favored The federal government did not have the right to tell states if they could be free or slave It would give them more power in Congress

7. Missouri entered the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state to keep the balance of power Slavery was to be south of latitude 36’ 30 Effect: Maintains balance of free and slave states; both sides satisfied.

8. After the compromise was made, Thomas Jefferson wrote, “This momentous question [slavery], like a fire bell in the night, awakened and filled one with terror. I considered it at once the knell [death bell] of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, only for the moment…” What do you think Jefferson meant by this statement? Do you agree? Explain.

9. 1. California admitted as a free state 2. Slavery continues in Washington, DC, but abolition of the slave trade 3. A tougher fugitive slave law. The new fugitive slave law would make it a crime to help a fugitive slave, and force northerners to help hunt down runaway slaves in their states. Accused runaways could not testify in court and would not get a jury trial. 4. New Mexico & Utah open as territories to slavery if the people there vote for it (popular sovereignty) 5.Settlement of the border dispute in favor of a larger New Mexico (smaller Texas), in exchange for the national government paying off the debts of Texas

11. Designed to help slaveholders recapture runaway slaves. No right to a jury trial; money received if fugitive was caught and returned. Fines and even jail time placed on people who did not help or aided runaway slaves.

12. Law enraged Northerners because it made them feel a part of the slave system. Increased involved in the Underground Railroad and the abolitionist movement. Southerners supported the law.

13. A novel that exposed the evils and cruelty of slavery. The novel influenced the abolitionist movement and changed the way many felt about slavery. Effect: Northerners enraged Southerners claimed the novel was a false depiction of the institution.

14. Law stating that settlers of the new territories, Kansas and Nebraska, would decide (popular sovereignty) whether they would enter the Union as a slave state or free state. Northerners: felt this was a betrayal Southerners: supported the law Effect: Thousands of pro and anti-slavery supporters flood Kansas to vote and fight for their position on slavery.

15. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery (John Brown) groups fight. More than 200 people died over the issue of slavery. The area became known as “Bleeding Kansas.” Anti-slavery and pro-slavery forces set up rival governments. The town of Lawrence was destroyed by pro-slavery forces. Effect: Foreshadows the Civil War. America: The Story of Us

16. On May 22, 1856, Preston Brooks (a Democratic Congressman from South Carolina) physically attacked Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts in the Senate chambers, hitting him on the head with his thick cane. Sumner was blinded by his own blood, and staggered away until he collapsed, lapsing into unconsciousness. Brooks continued to beat Sumner until he broke his cane. Several other senators attempted to help Sumner, but were blocked by Rep. Laurence Keitt who was holding a pistol and shouted “Let them be!" This was in retaliation for the insulting language Sumner used against Brooks's relative in a speech Sumner made that criticized Southerners for proslavery violence in Kansas. Sumner was beaten severely and did not return to his Senate desk for three years as a result of his injuries to the head and neck area; he became regarded as an antislavery martyr.

17. Abolitionist: a person that favors doing away with a practice or institution (slavery). 1. Share your biography with your classmates. Listen and record 3- 5 facts about each abolitionist. 2. Quotes Interpretation (What does the quote mean?) How did his/her background influence his/her statement? Personal Response/ Personal / World Connection

18. Instead of looking the other way, what are some things you can do to help someone who is in trouble or being treated unfairly? Do you think theses things would have worked during the time of slavery? or Do you consider the actions of all the abolitionists discussed in class to be heroic? Why or why not? Use your Language Arts definition of a hero! Support using specific examples.

19. Dred Scott was a slave who claimed that because his master had taken him to free territories (Illinois and Wisconsin), he should be free.

20. The court ruled that because Scott was not considered a citizen, but property, he could not file a lawsuit. The court also ruled that Congress had no power to decide the issue of slavery in the territories. This meant that slavery was legal in ALL territories and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Effect: Northerners: Outraged and looked to Republican party to stop the growing power of Southern slaveholders. Southerners: Happy about the decision.

21. Harper’s Ferry (led by John Brown)

22. John Brown led a group of abolitionists to Harpers Ferry, Virginia to raid a federal arsenal. Goal: to arm slaves and lead a massive slave revolt. Brown was unsuccessful and captured. He was found guilty of murder and treason and sentenced to death. Effect: Convinced many in the South that War was inevitable. Northerners: Many saw him as a hero. Southerners: Felt that the North wanted to destroy slavery and the South along with it.

23. A series of debates for the Illinois Senate seat in which Lincoln gave his famous speech, “A House Divided.” Models of political debates seen today. Douglas: popular sovereignty is the best way to handle the issue of slavery. Lincoln: slavery is “a moral, a social and a policial wrong.” Effect: Put issue of slavery in the forefront for the 1860 Presidential election. A House Divided

25. The Southerners reaction to the election of President Lincoln was strong. They felt that the country had put an abolitionist in the White House. Felt secession (withdrawal) was the only option. Stop and Jot: If you were Lincoln, how would you keep the nation together? Do you think anything could have stopped the South from seceding? Effect: In 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. Date of Secession South Carolina December 20, 1860 Mississippi January 9, 1861 Florida January 10, 1861 Alabama January 11, 1861 Georgia January 19, 1861 Louisiana January 26, 1861 Texas February 1, 1861 Virginia April 17, 1861 Arkansas May 6, 1861 North Carolina May 20, 1861 Tennessee June 8, 1861arolina seceded Am erica: The Story of UsAm erica: The Story of Us

26. Southern states believed it was their right to secede because according to the Declaration of Independence, “it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish” a government that denies the rights of its citizens. Lincoln, they believed, would deny them the right to own slaves. Quickwrite: Was the South justified in seceding from the Union? Support your response using specific examples from our study.

27. South Carolina has seceded (split) from the Union, so who now controlled the U.S Fort Sumter in SC? Lincoln informed SC that he was sending U.S. supply ships to the fort. Confederacy attacked the supply ships and U.S. troops at Fort Sumter. U.S. forces surrendered the fort to the Confederacy. April 12, 1861: Marks the beginning of the Civil War Confederate States of America (Jefferson Davis) vs. United States of America (Abraham Lincoln)

28. 1. Listen to each statement. 2. Decide if the statement would have been said by someone supporting secession (South) or opposed to secession (North). 3. Write North or South on your desk!

29. “The Union should remain together at all costs!” NORTH “The tax on cotton is far too high.” SOUTH

30. “States’ rights are a basic freedom and states should have the right to decide if they want slavery.” SOUTH “Abraham Lincoln will hold the nation together.” NORTH “Cotton is King.” SOUTH

31. “Jefferson Davis is a traitor.” NORTH “States formed the Union and a state can leave the Union.” SOUTH

32. A leader in international trade. NORTH Innovators in technology. NORTH Agriculture based economy. SOUTH

33. Large urban centers. NORTH Higher percentage of factories and 1.3 million factory workers. NORTH Primitive transportation system. SOUTH