1.
Toward Civil War

2. Slavery and the West Essential Question:
Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism? Why or Why not?

3. American Diary
On May 24, 1854, the people of Boston erupted in outrage. Federal officers had seized Anthony Burns, a runaway enslaved African American who lived in Boston, to return him to slavery. Abolitionists tried to rescue Burns from the federal court house, and city leaders attempted to buy his freedom. All efforts failed. Federal troops escorted Burns to a ship that would carry him back to Virginia and into slavery. In a gesture of bitter protest, Bostonians draped buildings in black and hung the American flag upside down.

4. Missouri Applies for Statehood
Missouri applied for statehood in 1819
11 states are free states
11 states are slave states
Admission of Missouri would upset balance in the Senate
Differing economic systems and sectionalism create much tension between North and South

5. Missouri Compromise
Admitted Missouri as slave state and Maine as a free state
Banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36⁰30’N latitude line
Preserved balance between slave and free state in Senate

7. The Compromise of 1850
Addressed slavery in the territories when Southerners threatened to secede from the Union
Admitted California as a free state
Stronger laws that required states to return fugitive slaves
New territories would have no limits on slavery
Slave trade banned in Washington D.C.

9. Making Connections
Answer the Essential Question: Did the compromises that Congress made effectively address slavery and sectionalism? Why or why not?
Compromise of 1850
North’s Gains
South’s Gains

10. A Nation Dividing Essential Question:
How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?

11. The Fugitive Slave Act
Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves
Many Northerners refused to cooperate
Pooled money to buy freedom
Northern juries refused to convict those in violation
Underground Railroad

13. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Proposed that Kansas and Nebraska be admitted to the Union
Located North of the 36⁰30’N latitude, the Missouri Compromise would deem them free states
South would not agree to this
North would then have more votes in the Senate
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposed abandoning the Missouri Compromise
Suggested popular sovereignty decide the issue
Passed in 1854

14. Conflict In Kansas
Pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups rushed into Kansas
Border Ruffians swayed the vote and Kansas became a slave state
Anti-slavery people refused to accept the new slave laws
Armed themselves and held elections
Adopted constitution that banned slavery January 1856 – rival governments existed in Kansas

15. Bleeding Kansas
May 1856 – slavery supporters attacked Lawrence, Kansas
Abolitionist John Brown retaliated
Killed 5 supporters at Pottawatomie Creek
Armed bands soon roamed the territory

16. Making Connections 1. How did Northerners defy the Fugitive Slave Act?
2. How would the issue of slavery be decided under the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
3. Answer the Essential Question: How did popular sovereignty lead to violence in Kansas?

17. Challenges to Slavery Essential Question:
What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?

18. Election of 1854
Antislavery Whigs and Democrats join the Free Soil Party
Free Soil Party: “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor and Free Men”
Whigs, antislavery Democrats and Free Soilers form the new Republican party
Congressional and state elections divide the country politically
North: Republicans
South: Democrats

19. The Dred Scott Case
Dred Scott: enslaved African American owned by a Missouri (slave state) army doctor
Family moved around a lot to areas where slavery was prohibited
Returned to Missouri and the Dr. died
1846 – Scott sued for his freedom

20. The Court’s Decision
Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was still an enslaved person
Enslaved people are not citizens and cannot bring suit
Enslaved people are property and property cannot be taken away without due process
Ruled the Missouri Compromise and popular sovereignty unconstitutional
The decision meant that the Constitution protected slavery
Anti-slavery groups were outraged and country became even more divided

21. Congressional Election of 1858
Senate race between Democrat Stephen A. Douglas and Republican Abraham Lincoln
Douglas: disliked slavery but believed in popular sovereignty
Lincoln: saw slavery as morally wrong and it should not be allowed to spread

22. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of 7 debates on the issue of slavery
Douglas wins the election
Lincoln gains national reputation as a man of clear thinking who could argue with force and persuasion

23. The Raid on Harpers Ferry
Abolitionist John Brown led a raid on Harpers Ferry, VA
Targeted an arsenal to arm enslaved African Americans to start a rebellion
Raid was defeated by local citizens and federal troops
Convicted of treason and executed
His death rallied abolitionists and put the nation on the brink of war

25. Making Connections
1. How did the Lincoln-Douglas debates benefit Lincoln?
2. Answer the Essential Question: What was the significance of the Dred Scott decision?

26. Secession and War Essential Question:
What led to the outbreak of the Civil War?

27. Secession
Lincoln wins presidential Election of 1860 over Stephen A. Douglas
South Carolina voted to secede from the Union
Compromise was attempted but no agreement over slavery could be reached
By 1861, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida and Georgia seceded and formed the Confederacy

28. The Confederacy
Confederate states of America elected Jefferson Davis president
Southerners argued that the Union had violated their states’ rights by
Refusing to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
Denying Southern states equal rights in the territories
Many Southerners welcomed secession
Many Northerners thought the Union should be preserved

29. Confederate States of America

30. Lincoln Takes Office
In his inaugural speech, Lincoln stated that secession would not be permitted
Warned the South against the consequences of Civil War
Asked the South to reconsider
April 12, 1861: Confederate forces attacked the Union held Fort Sumter and took the fort
Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas joined the Confederacy
Civil War had begun

32. Making Connections
1. What do you think Lincoln’s priorities were when he took office?
2. What is the significance of the attack on Fort Sumter?
3. Answer the Essential Question: What led to the outbreak of the Civil War?