1. The Great War
Chapter 29

2. Section 1 Marching Toward War

3. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Rising Tensions
The 1800s was a period where most Europeans sought peace
Below the surface, the story was very different
Countries began to embrace ideas that made war inevitable
Rise of Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism – celebrated strength and preparation for war
Needed to protect colonies
Alliances
MAIN CAUSES OF WWI
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

4. Tangling Alliances Result of growing rivalries
Initially meant to maintain peace
In an attempt to isolate France, Bismarck (Germany) created the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia in 1881
When Kaiser Wilhelm II takes back power in 1890 and makes 2 big mistakes
Lets Russia slip away
Begins building a navy to rival Britain
Britain, Russia, and France will join the Triple Entente in 1907

5. Crisis in the Balkans
Known as the “powder keg” of Europe, the Balkans were filled with ethnic diversity
Nowhere was the situation more on the brink than Serbia vs Austria on the issue of Bosnia
Bosnia was culturally more like Serbia but Austria had annexed them

6. Assassination
On 6/28/1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) and wife in Sarajevo, Bosnia
Austria used this as an excuse for war with Serbia, an ally of Russia
Despite pleading from the rest of Europe, the war had started

7. Turn in your Imperialism Projects (if you have not already done so)
AND NOW…
Turn in your Imperialism Projects (if you have not already done so)
Finish your Chapter 29 Crossword
DUE the beginning of class
Begin working on “The Great War” Project

8. Warmup # 21.1 (29.1) Militarism Balkans
What is the policy that glorifies military power and keeps an army prepared for war?
What region is known as the “powder keg” of Europe?
Why did imperialism lead to militarism?
What event ignited The Great War?
Militarism
Balkans
Parent countries needed to protect their empires
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

9. Section 2 Europe Plunges into War

10. The Great War Begins
Austria’s declaration on Serbia set off a chain reaction
Russia moves troops to Austrian border AND German border
Germany declares war on Russia
2 days later, they declare war on France also
Britain declares war on Germany

11. Taking Sides By 1914, there were 2 clear sides
Central Powers – Germany and Austria-Hungary (Bulgaria and the Ottomans join later)
Allied Powers – Britain, France, and Russia (Japan and Italy later)
Few realized how long the war would last

12. Western Front
The war quickly stalled on the French border (western front)
Germany’s strategy (Shlieffen Plan) required quickly defeating France and then taking on Russia
Initially successful, it stalled when the German’s reached Paris (Battle of the Marne)

13. Trench Warfare
While in France, Germany was attacked by Russia in the east
Soldiers began digging trenches for protection
Led to huge losses with no progress
Battle of Verdun – 300,000 deaths and virtually no change
New technology (machine guns, poison, tanks, large artillery) led to more deaths

14. Eastern Front Russia/Germany border
More mobile than the West, they still failed to make progress (stalemate)
Russia lacked most resources because of their failure to industrialize
food, weapons, clothes, and blankets were in short supply
Population was their only strength

15. Begin working on “The Great War” Project
AND NOW…
Begin working on “The Great War” Project

16. Great War Project: Propaganda
2 pieces (recreation = copied)
Must have one from the allies and one from the central powers

17. Great War Project: Rations
Another recreation

18. Great War Project: Technology
Find 5 new military technologies
Put together a PowerPoint (1 slide per tech) with a picture and a description of how it changed the war

19. Great War Project: Maps
Need a before and an after for how European territories changed after WWI

20. Their location in central Europe Trench Warfare Battle of Verdun
Warm-up #21.2 (29.2)
The Schlieffen plan called for a quick attack on ____ and then on ____.
Why were Germany and Austria-Hungary known as the Central Powers?
What style of fighting was developed to protect soldiers on the front line from gunfire?
What battle serves as an example of the horrid nature of #7?
France; Russia
Their location in central Europe
Trench Warfare
Battle of Verdun

21. Section 3 A Global Conflict

22. Effects on the World
The Great War quickly involved all reaches of the globe
In Africa, the Allies capture 3/4 of the German colonies
In Asia, the Japanese quickly German outposts in China and captured the island colonies

23. America Joins In
The German use of unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic angered Americans
Lusitania in 1915
Germany announced this policy in 1917.
This, along with the Zimmermann note, forced the US to declare war
The Zimmermann note sought Mexico’s support in exchange for the territory they had lost to the US

24. Affects at Home
After 3 years of fighting, more people had died than in the wars for the previous 300 years
The war quickly began to affect people at home, becoming a total war (nations devote all of their resources toward the war)
Nations quickly became military dictatorships

25. Total War Factories were converted to make war materials
Everybody worked (including women)
Rationing was used to keep the soldiers supplied
Censorship limited antiwar activities
Governments used propaganda to keep the war “popular”

26. The Allies Win US entrance gave the Allies the advantage
Revolution in Russia led to a Russia-Germany treaty that allowed Germany to devote resources to the West
2nd Battle of Marne (1918) was won by the Allies because of “fresh” US troops
Lack of supplies led the Central Powers to crumble
In Nov 1918, an armistice was signed

27. Legacy of War Life - Soldiers and civilians had died by the millions
Economic – drained the treasuries and destroyed farmland
Social – disillusionment about life changed art and literature
Future Security – Treaty of Versailles
Rank
Death Toll
Event
Dates 1
55,000,000
Second World War
1937/ 2
40,000,000
China: Mao Zedong's) 3
20,000,000
USSR: Stalin's regime 4
15,000,000
First World War

28. Begin working on “The Great War” Project
AND NOW…
Begin working on “The Great War” Project
WWI rations posters
WWI propaganda posters
WWI before and after map Europe
WWI military technology
Vocab Quiz tomorrow

29. Unrestricted submarine warfare
Warm-up #21.3 (29.3)
Which country was most responsible for bringing the US into WWI?
What is the name for a war in which countries devote all of their resources to the war effort?
What term refers to the German policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning?
Germany
Total War
Unrestricted submarine warfare

30. Section 4 A Flawed Peace

31. The Allies Meet Big Four met in Jan 1919 at the Palace of Versailles
US – Woodrow Wilson
France – Clemenceau
Britain – George
Italy – Orlando
Not in attendance
Russia – Civil war
Germany and their allies

32. Wilson’s Plan Consisted of Fourteen Points to achieve a lasting peace
Ended secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Smaller armies
End colonialism (or at least make it “more fair”)
Border changes (self-determination)
An association of nations

33. Treaty of Versailles
Britain and France paid little attention to Wilson’s plan
They wanted revenge
The treaty, signed in June 1919, punished Germany
Lost land, limited military, “guilt clause” put reparation 100% on them
Did embrace Wilson’s fourteenth point (League of Nations)

34. Problems with the Treaty
Left a legacy of bitterness and hatred
Each of the central powers lost land
New countries were created in Europe
Mandates were created in the rest of the world
Even allies were angry
Russia lost land, Japan and Italy gained little, America became isolationist

35. AND NOW… Vocab Quiz today Begin working on “The Great War” Project
WWI rations posters
WWI propaganda posters
WWI before and after map Europe
WWI military technology
Chapter 30 Vocab Crossword