1. Mid-Semester Review

2. Jamestown The first permanent English settlement in North America, started as a business venture to sell raw materials back to England Tobacco- this cash crop saved Jamestown and made the colony of Virginia wealthy. Tabaco cultivation was labor intensive and made the Virginia agricultural economy dependent on slavery.

3. House of Burgesses The first legislative assembly in North America, it rep- resents the first form of self-government in the colonies.

4. Powhatan Native Americans who lived for centuries in Virginia. English colonist forced them from their land and used it for tobacco growing. These actions led many Powhatan’s to flee Virginia and established bad relations between colonists and Native Americans

5. Bacon’s Rebellion A revolt by the poor English colonist and slaves against the wealthy in Jamestown. The rebels wanted better protection and action taken against the Native Americans so poorer colonists could have Native American land.

6. Development of Slavery Begun in 1619 in the colony of Virginia to replace indentured servants African slaves are thought to be better equipped to handle the work and heat of the plantation system Part of the Columbian Exchange

7. New England Colonies Established by the Puritans to escape religious persecution in England Religion- Puritans did not tolerate religions that did not follow their teachings. In 1686 the entire region was combined into one colony because the King believed they were not following Parliament, becomes the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

8. Rhode Island and the Salem Witch Trials Roger Williams- founder of Rhode Island, he founds colony under the ideas of religious freedom and peaceful relations with Native Americans Salem Witch Trials- caused by the oppression of women, and hardline Puritan views on the world, over 25 people are killed or jailed for witchcraft without any proof.

9. King Phillip’s War Led by Metacom (King Phillip), Native Americans attack the Puritans over the loss of their land Brutal war with massacres on both sides This ended Native American control of New England

10. Half-Way Covenant This provided half-way membership in the Puritan church to the children of church members Church leaders hoped this would get more of the children to join the Puritan church

11. Town Hall Meetings Mainly in New England in small towns White males 21 and over who owned property voted on political issues for each town Helps form the idea of political representation in the colonies

12. Mid-Atlantic Colonies Originally not a part of the English colonies Controlled by the Dutch Separated the English Northern and Southern colonies

13. New York Originally settled by the Dutch and called New Amsterdam England takes this colony without a single shot and renames it New York Later New York became the center for trade in the America’s.

14. Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn a Quaker This colony was tolerant of all Christian religions The colony of Delaware will split from Pennsylvania

15. Quebec Founded by the French, claims all of inner North America west of the colonies Leads to the founding of New Orleans and the territory of Louisiana French have better relations with Native Americans

16. Mercantilism Is the economic theory that a mother country needs large supplies of silver and gold to be rich. Gold/Silver- acquired by selling manufactured goods. Colonies in mercantilism provided raw materials for manufacturing and bought the finished products.

17. The Columbian Exchange The large scale exchange of plants, people, diseases, and animals between the Old World and the New World Sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade.

18. Middle Passage/African Culture The 90-120 day voyage African slaves endured from Africa to the America’s. Millions died from disease and starvation during the voyage African dance and music maintained under slavery, differing cultures blend together in the America’s

19. The Great Awakening Great Awakening- religious movement of the 1730’s and 1740’s. It is different because of its passion. Begun as an attack on the Puritan Church, challenges all religious authority

20. French and Indian War War between France and Great Britain over the control of North America, Britain wins This war bankrupted Great Britain, they need money to pay for it, TAXES They believed the colonists should pay for it since it was over the colonies in North America

21. Proclamation of 1763 Law passed that banned colonists from moving west beyond the Appalachian Mountains Passed to prevent further wars with Native Americans This angered colonists and is one reason for the American Revolution

22. Stamp Act A tax on all printed materials passed by Great Britain they need this symbol to show they paid the tax Passed to help pay for the French-Indian War

23. Sons of Liberty This group of Patriots was formed in 1765 and urged colonial resistance to the Stamp Act using any means available… even violence. Committees of Correspondence- formed to resist the new taxes passed by Great Britain

24. Boston Tea Party Colonists dumped tons of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Stamp Act

25. Intolerable Acts A series of laws passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party This led to increased anger against Britain and the First Continental Congress