1. Gait Activities RHS 323 lecture 8 Prepared by Mrs. Muneera Al-Murdi

2. Gait Activities When methods of facilitation are used to hasten motor learning, the ability to walk may be enhanced. The ability to roll, creep, and stand does not ensure the ability to walk, but the quality of gait pattern may be improved by intensive performance of less advanced activities.

3. Gait Activities Patterns and techniques of PNF are used in gait activities with all types of patients and with various kinds of support, such as parallel bars, braces, crutches, and canes.

4. Gait Activities Standing balance: Standing balance is necessary to maintain erect posture. Maintenance of erect posture and postural adjustments during bipedal activity are dependent on postural and righting reflexes.

5. Gait Activities Standing balance: Patterns and techniques of PNF are used in training of standing balance, by stimulating the postural responses and groups of muscles. Rotation components within the neck, trunk, and extremities may be used to promote security and balance in the erect posture.

6. Gait Activities Standing balance: To facilitate the response of rotation components, pressure is applied in an anterior-posterior direction on one side of the body and at the same time in a posterior- anterior direction on the opposite side of the body.

7. Gait Activities Gait patterns: The Goal of gait patterns are to assist the patient to develop or restore a gait pattern that is as normal as possible.

8. Gait Activities During Gait training parallel bars, walker, crutches may be used.

9. Gait Activities

10.  Combining movements: 1. Bilateral symetrical 2.Alternating ipsilateral 3.Alternating reciprocal 4. Diagonal reciprocal

11. Gait patterns  Combining Movements: 1.Bilateral Symmetrical: Upper extremities advance, then lower extremities follow (Ex, paraplegic patient) name of gait: Swing through

12. Gait patterns 2. Alternating ipsilateral: Upper extremity and lower extremity of the same side advance, then the extremities of the opposite side following in a like manner. (Ex, Arthritic with ankylosed hips) Name of gait: Two-point

13. Gait patterns 3. Alternating reciprocal: One upper extremity advances, then the other upper extremity follow; then the lower extremities advance in a like sequence. (Ex, postoperative Knee) Name of gait: Three point

14. Gait patterns 4. Diagonal reciprocal: One upper extremity advances as the opposite lower extremity advances; the other upper extremity and its opposite lower extremity then advance in a like manner. Name of gait: four point gait

15. Gait pattern Walking: Normal gait involves smooth, rhythmical and continuous transition among component patterns. Walking pattern from swing phase( flexion) through a stance phase (extension). All components of motion within the neck and trunk and extremities are used are necessary.

16. Gait pattern Gait training may begin by using parallel bars, walker, crutches, canes, and freedom without devices.

17. Gait patterns Parallel bars  sitting to standing balance  Standing and walking Crutches  Superior region balance  Inferior region balance  Walking forward

18. Gait patterns Stairs  Ascending forward  Descending forward

19. Wheelchair and transfer activities The proper use of a wheel chair by a patient as a means of locomotion may further his recovery. Maintaining a sitting position, rising to standing from sitting, lowering to squat position, sitting, and transfer to bed or table are closely related to wheelchair activities.

20. Wheelchair and transfer activities  Use of hand brake  Pulling to standing  From chair to bed  From chair to standing to bed