1. Ataxia Prepared by: Muneera AL-Murdi

2. Ataxia Ataxia is a movement disorder resulting from the in coordination of movements and in adequate postural control, presented in balance and walking disturbances. Physical therapy applications involve proprioceptive training, stabilization techniques, and balance exercises.

3. Ataxia Coordination tests: Finger to finger Finger to nose Finger opposition Finger to therapist's finger Pronation/supination Mass grasp Alternate heel to knee and heel to toe Drawing a circle

4. Ataxia

5. Methods of Balance Assessment Single Leg Stance Test Functional Reach Test Five Times Sit to Stand Test Time Up and Go Test Dynamic Gait Index Tandem Walking

6. Ataxia Single Leg Stance Test

7. Ataxia Functional Reach Test

8. Ataxia Five Times Sit to Stand Test

9. Ataxia Dynamic Gait Index

10. Ataxia Tandem Walking

11. Ataxia Physiotherpy treatment 1.Facilitation of balance(static and dynamic) 2.Joint approximation 3.Isometric ex 4.PNF 5.Increase proprioceptive sensations by putting weight on ankle and wrist

12. Ataxia 1.supine : hip and knee flexion and extension of each limb, foot flat on plinth. 2.hip abduction and adduction of each limb with the foot flat, knee flexed: then with knee extended. 3.hip and knee flexion and extension of each limb, heel lifted off plinth.

13. Ataxia 4. heel of one limb to opposite leg (toes, ankle, shin, patella). 5. heel of one limb to opposite knee, sliding down crest of tibia to ankle. 6. hip and knee flexion and extension of both limbs, legs together. 7. reciprocal movements of both limbs-flexion of one leg during extension of the other.

14. Ataxia 8. Sitting: knee extension and flexion of each limb. 9. Sitting: hip abduction and adduction. 10. Sitting: alternate foot placing to a specified target. 11. Standing up and sitting down. 12. standing: foot placing to a specified target.

15. Ataxia 13. standing: weight shifting 14. walking: sideways or forward to a specified count. 15. walking: turning around to a specified count.

16. Ataxia Activities for improving balance: the proximal muscles and stabilization of the trunk PNF techniques In the standing position: Shifting weight onto the front, back and sides, tandem position, balance training on one leg should be performed.

17. Ataxia the proximal muscles and stabilization of the trunk

18. Ataxia In the standing position: Shifting weight onto the front, back and sides, tandem position, balance training on one leg should be performed.

19. Ataxia