1. World History Chapter 10: The Later Middle Ages Vocabulary By Jan Gomez #13 (Block 1) March 2012

2. excommunicate Excommunicate means “to cast out from the church, the offender. The pope excommunicated the man that set the church on fire.

3. Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory excommunicated the Roman emperor Henry IV in 1073. Gregory disapproved of a bishop that Henry chose.

4. Emperor Henry IV Emperor Henry IV was an emperor of the Holy roman Empire. In 1073, Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry because he disapproved of a bishop he chose. When Gregory sent out nobles to overthrow Henry, he stood for 3 days in the snow until Gregory finally noticed he was there. He then accepted his apology.

5. Crusades The Crusades were a long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia. There was 4 crusades. The 1 st was in favor of the Christians, but the rest was in favor of the Muslims. The Crusaders would not rest until they had the Holy Land.

6. Holy Land The Holy Land, or Palestine, was called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died. The Crusades were a fight for the Holy Land during the late 1000s. We made a trip to the Holy Land, where it was warm.

7. Pope Urban II The Byzantine Empire were being attacked by Muslims, and he asked Pope Urban for help. Urban agreed to the request. They sent off unarmed peasants and soldiers out there, and they claimed the Holy Land once they had won, chanting their cry, “God wills it!” It was all thanks to Pope Urban, who helped them.

8. King Richard I King Richard I was the King of England. He was sent out to the Third Crusade, along with French and German kings. After the German king died, and the French king left, King Richard was left in the Holy Land alone. He had to face the brilliant Muslim leader, Saladin.

9. Saladin Saladin was the leader of the Muslim forces. Saladin was a brilliant leader. Even the Crusaders respected his kindness toward fallen enemies. In turn, Muslims admired Richard’s bravery. Richard and Saladin fought and negotiated. But Richard came just short.

10. clergy Clergy are church officials. The clergy tried to ask God for help when the flood hit the city.

11. Religious order A religious order is a group of people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules. The religious order was very nice to everyone.

12. Francis to Assisi Francis, born in Assisi, Italy in 1182, gave all his money and possessions away and left his father’s house. He preached to people who were poor or ill.

13. friars Friars are people who belonged to religious orders but lived and worked among the general public. The friars, in my opinion, lived a very simple life.

14. Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas was a teacher at the University of Paris. He argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs. He wrote an argument to prove the existence of God.

15. Natural law A law that governed how the world operated. Aquinas called it natural law. Natural law gave me an idea of how to live.

16. Magna Carta This document listing rights that the king could not ignore was Magna Carta. The king disapproved of Magna Carta, and argued that the makers of this remove it.

17. Parliament The lawmaking body that governs England today. The parliament of Canada decided to make that bill a law.

18. Hundred Years’ War A long conflict between England and France. The Hundred Years’ War was teamed up with Black Death to make the worst years of Europe.

19. Joan of Arc Rallied the French troops. Eventually captured by the English, but was too late. The French drove the English in 1453.

20. Black Death Deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351. The Black Death created major chaos as over 25 million people died from it.

21. heresy Religious ideas that oppose accepted church teachings are called heresy. Ms. Ana did not accept heresy in her class.

22. Spanish Reconquista Spanish efforts to retake Spain from the Moors. The Spanish Reconquista was big for the Christians and Muslims following the Crusades.

23. King Ferdinand King Ferdinand was the prince of Aragon who married Isabella of Castilla. Ten years, later he became king of Spain.

24. Queen Isabella Married to the king of Aragon. Became king and queen of Spain soon after 10 years.

25. Spanish Inquisitions An organization of priests that looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected in secretly practicing their old religion. The Spanish Inquisitions killed more than 3,400 people.