1. Place and Manner of Articulation Place Manner Bilabial Voiced / Voiceless Labiodental Aspirated / Unaspirated Interdental Nasal / Oral Alveolar Stops / Fricatives / Affricates Palatal Liquids Velar Glides Glottal

2. Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 7) 1 a. bath [  ] bathe [  ] b. reduce [ s ] reduction [ k ] c. cool [ u ] cold [ o ]

3. d. wife [ f ] wives [ v ] e. cats [ s ] dogs [ z ] f. impolite [ m ] indecent [ n ] Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 7) 2

4. a. consonant, oral, stop, [voiced / voiceless pairs] b. vowel, back, rounded, non-low c. vowel, front, unrounded d. consonant, oral, voiceless, obstruent e. consonant, voiced f. consonant, coronal Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 9)

5. Column A Column B a. front back (rounded) [AB all high] b. voiceless voiced[AB pairs same PoA] c. labial NOT labials: OTHER d. high NOT high (mid or low) e. continuants noncontinuants (fricatives) (affricates ) f. NOT back back Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 11)

6. a.[ h ][  ]yes voiceless b.[ r ][ w ]yesvoiced c.[ m ][  ]yesnasal d.[  ][ v ]yesvoiced e.[ r ][ t ]no?[oral] Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 12) 1

7. f.[ f ][ ʃ ] yesvoiceless g.[ k ][  ] yesvoiceless h.[ s ][ g ]no?[oral] i.[ j ][ w ]yesglide j.[ j ][ ʤ ]no?[oral] Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 12) 2

8. American English Vowels See Figure 4.5, p. 208. Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 208.

9. Mandarin Vowels 葉蜚聲，徐通 ? 。 語言學綱要。 台北：書林出版有限公司， 1993 ，第 67 頁。

10. Describing Vowels 1.Tongue position tongue heighthigh / mid / low tongue partfront / central / back 2. lipsrounding 3. tensenessyes (tense) / no (lax) 4. nasalizationyes / no 5. length long / short duration Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 206-210.

11. Major Phonetic Classes  Noncontinuants / Continuants  Obstruents / Sonorants  Consonantal Labials Coronals Anteriors Sibilants  Syllabic Vowels Liquids [sometimes] Nasals [sometimes] Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 210-211.

12. Prosodic Features of Speech Sounds  Duration (length)  Pitch  Loudness (stress)  Tone  Intonation Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, pp. 212-215.

13. Phonetic Symbol / English Spelling Correspondences See Table 4.6, p. 216.

14. Cork and Work and Card and Ward 1 (see Ex 8) (Anonymous) I take it you already know of tough and bough and cough and dough? Others may stumble, but not you on hiccough, thorough, lough, and through. I write in case you wish perhaps to learn of less familiar traps: Beware of heard, a dreadful word that looks like beard, and sounds like bird. And dead: it’s said like bed, not bead; for goodness’ sake, don’t call it deed!

15. Watch out for meat and great and threat. (They rhyme with suite and straight and debt.) A moth is not a moth in mother, nor both in bother, broth in brother. And here is not a match for there, nor dear for bear, or fear for pear. Cork and Work and Card and Ward 2 (Anonymous)

16. There’s does and rose, there’s also lose (Just look them up), and goose and choose; And cork and work, and card and ward, and font and front, and word and sword; And do and go and thwart and cart— come come, I’ve barely made a start! A dreadful language? Man alive, I’d mastered it when I was five! Cork and Work and Card and Ward 3 (Anonymous)

17. National Phonetic Symbols 1 注音符號 (1) Initials ㄅ [ ] ㄆ [ ] ㄇ [ ] ㄈ [ ] ㄉ [ ] ㄊ [ ] ㄋ [ ] ㄌ [ ] ㄍ [ ] ㄎ [ ] ㄏ [ ] (2) Initials ㄐ [ ] ㄑ [ ] ㄒ [ ] ㄓ [ ] ㄔ [ ] ㄕ [ ] ㄖ [ ] ㄗ [ ] ㄘ [ ] ㄙ [ ]

18. National Phonetic Symbols 2 注音符號 (3) Initials / Glides / Finals ㄧ [ ] ㄨ [ ] ㄩ [ ] (4) Finals ㄚ [ ] ㄛ [ ] ㄜ [ ] ㄝ [ ] ㄞ [ ] ㄟ [ ] ㄠ [ ] ㄡ [ ] ㄢ [ ] ㄣ [ ] ㄤ [ ] ㄥ [ ] ㄦ [ ]

19. Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 1 a. Noam Chomsky is a linguist who teaches at MIT. b. Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. c. All spoken languages use sounds produced by the upper respiratory system.

20. d. In one dialect of English cot the noun and caught the verb are pronounced the same. e. Some people think phonetics is very interesting. f. Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams are the authors of this book. Chapter on Phonetics In-Class Exercise (Ex 10) 2