1. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd STEELMAKING THROUGH EAF ROUTE AND ITS EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT BY DURBA TALUKDAR & SOMNATH GUPTA M.N.DASTUR & COMPANY (P) LTD, KOLKATA

2. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd CO 2 EMISSIONS BY GLOBAL STEEL INDUSTRY 2

3. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd ENERGY INTENSITY OF STEEL INDUSTRY 3

4. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION (Unit : GCal/TCS) Plant2007-082008-092009-102010-11 (Apr – Dec 2010) SAIL6.956.74 6.726.82 BSP6.726.5 6.566.66 DSP6.946.5 6.556.78 RSP7.397.09 6.976.89 BSL6.896.83 6.746.88 ISP8.148.18 8.23 RINL (GCal/TLS) 6.216.54 6.096.18 4

5. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION(Unit : GCal/TCS) (Continued ) Source: 1. Sail News – February – June 2010 2. Annual report 2010-11, Ministry of Steel, Govt. of India Note: **BF and Sinter Plant were under capital repair for approx 6 months. Plant2007-082008-092009-102010-11 (Apr – Dec 2012) TaTa Steel 6.5556.5876.173 (Apr-Dec 2009) NA JSW Steel 6.8476.7046.4956.31 JSPL 7.687.257.146.98 Essar Steel 5.995.81NA IIL 5.735.42**5.46 (Apr-Sept 2009) Merged with JSW 5

6. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd STEEL PRODUCTION THROUGH ELECTRIC FURNACES IN INDIA 2001200220032004200520062007200820092010 Total Crude Steel Production (Million tons) 27.29128.81431.77932.62645.78049.45053.46857.79163.52768.321 Production Of Crude Steel in Electric Furnaces (Million tons) 9.98010.85012.68014.30024.78027.65031.30034.80036.20041.300 % of Steel Production in Electric Furnaces 36.537.739.943.854.155.958.560.257.060.4 6

7. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd MAJOR WASTE GENERATED FROM EAF Solid waste  Slag  Dust  Sludge  Refractory debris  Skull 7

8. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd MAJOR WASTE GENERATED FROM EAF ( Continued) Gaseous waste  Carbon-monoxide  Carbon-dioxide  Sulphur-dioxide  Oxides of Nitrogen  Particulate matter Liquid waste  Polluted water 8

9. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd EAF SLAG COMPOSITION  Main constituent – Calcium Oxide and Iron  Other minor constituents - Magnesium, Manganese, Silicon, Aluminium APPLICATION  Land Filling  Road Construction  Aggregate for concrete  Clinker Kilns as a replacement for mined limestone  Reuse in internal processes  Soil conditioner  Making prefabricated shapes for sewerage 9

10. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd EAF DUST COMPOSITION  Main constituent – Iron  Other constituents – Zinc in the form of oxide/sulphide/chloride Lead as oxide, Cadmium, other metals, halides and fluxes Treatment  Recycling back into the furnace  High temperature metal recovery processes  Hydrometallurgical and pyro-metallurgical processes APPLICATION  Reuse in EAF  Landfilling  Extraction of Zinc  Use in rotary hearth furnace 10

11. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd GASEOUS EMISSIONS Harmful Substances  Oxides of carbon  Oxides of nitrogen  Oxides of sulphur  Cyanides  Fluorides Measures adopted  Improved Fume extraction system and control technologies  Furnace off gas analysis system 11

12. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd DEVELOPMENTS IN EAF PROCESS ROUTE Development of Shaft Furnace, Consteel Process and other processes The processes developed lead to :  Lower noise level  Lower dust content in off gases  Reduced off-gas volume  Full heat incineration of carbon-monoxide 12

13. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN EAF PeriodTechnological Development Tap-to-Tap Time Electricity Consumption (kWh/t) Electrode Consumption (kg/t) 1965-70Oxygen lancing1806306.5 1970-80-Water cooled panels -High power operation (UHP) 1054903.5 1980-85- Ladle furnace - Foamy slag - Eccentric bottom tapping - Scrap pre-heating 804502.5 1985-95-Oxygen carbon injecton ( lance manipulator) - Pneumatic bath stirring 604102.0 1995-2005-Oxygen carbon/oxyfuel side wall injection -Use of hot metal as charge material 55250-3001.6 13

14. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN EAF (Continued) The technological developments lead to :  Reduced energy consumption  Resource savings  Reduction of carbon footprints  Cost savings 14

15. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDIAN STEEL INDUSTRY: “CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES” 23 rd -24 th MARCH 2012 M.N. Dastur & Company (P) Ltd 15 THANK YOU