1. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project http://www.cieconline.net

2. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium The CIEC is a non-profit corporation organized in 1985 The CIEC is a non-profit corporation organized in 1985 Members include cement companies, air districts, and utilities Members include cement companies, air districts, and utilities Mission Statement is to: Mission Statement is to: a. undertake research relating to environmental issues affecting the cement manufacture and supporting industries; b. implement those developed technologies

3. CIEC Research & Commercialization Biosolids Biosolids  NOx Reduction  Alternate Materials  Recorded values below 2 lbs NOX per ton of clinker Cement Kiln Dust Utilization by Kiln Cement Kiln Dust Utilization by Kiln  Reuse  Alternate product development  Reduction in generation rates

4. CIEC Research & Commercialization Alternate Materials Alternate Materials  Mining waste  Potliner waste  Cyanide waste  Fly ash  Slag Tires Tires  An alternative fuel  For NOx reduction

5. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium California Cement and CO 2 California largest producer of cement in US California largest producer of cement in US California largest importer of cement in US California largest importer of cement in US Most cement companies foreign owned Most cement companies foreign owned Average plant produces 1 million tons cement/yr (11plants producing 13 M tons) Average plant produces 1 million tons cement/yr (11plants producing 13 M tons) Each ton of cement produces 1 ton CO 2 Each ton of cement produces 1 ton CO 2 40% CO 2 from fuel 60% from chemistry 40% CO 2 from fuel 60% from chemistry

6. CO2 Emissions from Cement Kilns Cement consumption projected to grow, so CO 2 output will grow Cement consumption projected to grow, so CO 2 output will grow  No concrete without Portland Cement  Approximately 15% cement in concrete  Plants need to be located at mineral sources Today California’s cement demand is very high, creating unprecedented delays in construction Today California’s cement demand is very high, creating unprecedented delays in construction

7. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Potential project identified in 2001 Potential project identified in 2001 Initial evaluation by Technology Committee indicated possible reuse applications for recovered CO 2 – Oil fields and fertilizers Initial evaluation by Technology Committee indicated possible reuse applications for recovered CO 2 – Oil fields and fertilizers Current amine recovery systems determined to too small with recovery too costly plus capital on order of 100 million dollars Current amine recovery systems determined to too small with recovery too costly plus capital on order of 100 million dollars

8. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium ABB Picture of Oklahoma 200 ton/day CO 2 extraction plant ABB Picture of Oklahoma 200 ton/day CO 2 extraction plant From “Learning Our Way To Zero Emissions Technologies Zero Emissions Technologies” From “Learning Our Way To Zero Emissions Technologies Zero Emissions Technologies” Edward S. Rubin Department of Engineering and Public Policy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania IEA Zero Emissions Technologies Strategies Workshop Washington, DC, March 19, 2002

10. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Potential for concurrent reduction of conventional pollutants if CO 2 recovered Potential for concurrent reduction of conventional pollutants if CO 2 recovered The CIEC received a $70,000 grant by the MDAQMD to undertake an initial solicitation, review of received proposals, and to develop additional funding sources The CIEC received a $70,000 grant by the MDAQMD to undertake an initial solicitation, review of received proposals, and to develop additional funding sources

11. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project CIEC members made a presentation to the ARB, with CEC staff present, soliciting funding CIEC members made a presentation to the ARB, with CEC staff present, soliciting funding CIEC has attempted to identify funding sources from DOE (grants) CIEC has attempted to identify funding sources from DOE (grants) DOE has directed us to the Regional Partnerships DOE has directed us to the Regional Partnerships CIEC not opposed to request congressional funding CIEC not opposed to request congressional funding

12. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project The CIEC CO 2 project differs from that of the Portland Cement Association The CIEC CO 2 project differs from that of the Portland Cement Association Capture and reuse vs. fuel economy and admixtures Very promising line of inquiry that doesn’t seem to fit available R&D funding “boxes”. A square peg in a world of round holes Very promising line of inquiry that doesn’t seem to fit available R&D funding “boxes”. A square peg in a world of round holes We are still looking for funding! We are still looking for funding!

13. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Response to the solicitation Response to the solicitation 37 specific projects received 25 proposal teams 7 proposals selected for interviews 2 recovery technologies selected 2 awards made for theory validation Temperature Swing Adsorption Enzymatic Recovery

14. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Generic Types of Responses Generic Types of Responses Waste heat conversion to electric power Reduce emissions via plant audits Treatments for flue gas Change fuel or cement chemistry Conversion of CO 2 to salable products

15. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Temperature Swing Adsorption Temperature Swing Adsorption Adsorption Research Inc. Kent Knaebel - Contact Adsorbent used to capture CO 2 Adsorbent used to capture CO 2 Temperature change releases CO 2 Temperature change releases CO 2 Cost of recovery estimated at < $10/ton Cost of recovery estimated at < $10/ton

16. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Temperature Swing Adsorption Temperature Swing Adsorption Regenerating adsorbent Regenerating adsorbent Inlet temperature ± 200° C Inlet temperature ± 200° C Exit temperature ± 40 ° C Exit temperature ± 40 ° C Moisture in exhaust may be an issue Moisture in exhaust may be an issue CO 2 recovery 90% + CO 2 recovery 90% +

17. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium

19. Carbozyme Inc. Carbozyme Inc. Mike Trachtenberg - Contact Enzyme both captures and releases CO 2 Enzyme both captures and releases CO 2 Modular units for project sizing and replacement Modular units for project sizing and replacement Cost of recovery estimated at $15/ton Cost of recovery estimated at $15/ton CO 2 concentration less an issue CO 2 concentration less an issue

20. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Enzymatic Recovery Enzymatic Recovery Enzyme temperature limited (40 –50° C) with potential of 85 ° C. Enzyme temperature limited (40 –50° C) with potential of 85 ° C. Life cycle of membrane/enzyme affected by NOx and SOx in system Life cycle of membrane/enzyme affected by NOx and SOx in system

21. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Scrubbed Air Carbon Dioxide Water

22. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium

23. Carbon Capture and Reuse Project CIEC member plants available for commercial demonstration CIEC member plants available for commercial demonstration Location of demonstration based on reuse option and volumes CO 2 to be recovered Location of demonstration based on reuse option and volumes CO 2 to be recovered Target project size of 5 tons/day of CO 2 Target project size of 5 tons/day of CO 2

24. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Status of theoretical validation contracts Status of theoretical validation contracts  ADI currently testing bench scale unit using a modeled air stream at operating temperatures  Carbozyme doing enzyme degradation tests with modeled flue gas

25. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Completion of Validation testing completed by November 15, 2004 Completion of Validation testing completed by November 15, 2004

26. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project Continuing to look at CO 2 reuse options Continuing to look at CO 2 reuse options Starting evaluation of liquefying and/or compressing CO 2 Starting evaluation of liquefying and/or compressing CO 2 Lobbying for PUC changes in recovered heat systems Lobbying for PUC changes in recovered heat systems

27. Cement Industry Environmental Consortium Carbon Capture and Reuse Project We are still looking for funding!! We are still looking for funding!!http://www.cieconline.net