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2. 1. WHAT IS MITOCHONDRIA? 1. WHAT IS MITOCHONDRIA? 2.STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRION 2.STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRION 3.THE OUTER MEMBRANE 3.THE OUTER MEMBRANE 4.THE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE 4.THE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE 5.THE INNER MEMBRANE SPACE 5.THE INNER MEMBRANE SPACE 6.CRISTAE 6.CRISTAE 7.MATRIX 7.MATRIX 8.FUNCTIONS OF MITOCHONDRIA 8.FUNCTIONS OF MITOCHONDRIA 9. REFERENCES

3. The mitochondrion is Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell

4. A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins. The two membranes have different properties. Because of this double-membrane organization, there are five distinct parts to a mitochondrion. They are:

5. It is permeable to small molecules. It can associate with the endoplasmic reticulum important for calcium signalling and the transfer of lipids. It can associate with the endoplasmic reticulum important for calcium signalling and the transfer of lipids. It has a protein to phospholipid ratio of 1:1. It has a protein to phospholipid ratio of 1:1. It contains large numbers of integral proteins called porins It contains large numbers of integral proteins called porins.

6. The space between the outer and inner membranes. It is also known as perimitochondrial space’ It is also known as perimitochondrial space’ Plays a role in oxidative phosphorylation. Plays a role in oxidative phosphorylation.

7. In contrast to the outer membrane, it is less permeable, allowing only very small molecules to cross into the gel-like matrix that makes up the organelle’s central mass. In contrast to the outer membrane, it is less permeable, allowing only very small molecules to cross into the gel-like matrix that makes up the organelle’s central mass. Contains proteins of the electron transport chain and is the barrier allowing the formation of a proton pump for ATP production. Contains proteins of the electron transport chain and is the barrier allowing the formation of a proton pump for ATP production.

8. Folded lamellae of the mitochondria a.k.a invaginations of inner membrane. Increase to a great extent, the total surface area of the inner membrane. Increase to a great extent, the total surface area of the inner membrane. Allow faster rate of diffusion of components from matrix to inner membrane. Allow faster rate of diffusion of components from matrix to inner membrane. Cells with a greater demand for ATP, such as myocytes contain more folds. Cells with a greater demand for ATP, such as myocytes contain more folds.

9. Contains enzymes that are responsible for the citric acid cycle reactions. Contains dissolved oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, recyclable intermediates that serve as energy shuttles. Contains dissolved oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, recyclable intermediates that serve as energy shuttles. Matrix components can diffuse to inner membrane complexes and transport proteins within a short period of time. Matrix components can diffuse to inner membrane complexes and transport proteins within a short period of time. Citric acid cycle occurs here. Citric acid cycle occurs here.

10. 1.contribution to synthesizing, breaking-down, and recycling biochemicals 1.contribution to synthesizing, breaking-down, and recycling biochemicals 2.needed for cell functioning e.g. components of genetic material. 3.contribution to synthesizing certain hormones 3.contribution to synthesizing certain hormones 4.role in cholesterol metabolism 5.role in neurotransmitter metabolism 5.role in neurotransmitter metabolism 6.detoxification of ammonia in the urea cycle The main job of mitochondria is to perform cellular respiration. The main job of mitochondria is to perform cellular respiration.

11. Did you know that: The mitochondrion is one organelle that has its own independent genome? The mitochondrion is one organelle that has its own independent genome? Mitochondria divide by binary fission, similar to bacterial cell division? Mitochondria divide by binary fission, similar to bacterial cell division? Mitochondrial DNA was discovered in the 1960s by electron microscopy and biochemical assays? Mitochondrial DNA was discovered in the 1960s by electron microscopy and biochemical assays? Only the maternal mitochondria are inherited. Only the maternal mitochondria are inherited.

12. http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellrespiration/oxidativephosphorylatio n/. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/cellular-molecular- biology/cellular-respiration/v/oxidative-phosphorylation-and-chemiosmosis.https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=oxidative+phosphorylation.http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_mito.html