1. The English Colonies What Brings People Together?

10. What Brought the English Colonists Together? Religion = most English colonists were Protestant (not Catholic) Christians Language = spoke English Race/Ethnicity = Most were English Beliefs = believed in limited government, representative government, and rights Money = the colonists grew to rely on each other because of the British economic system of mercantilism

11. Roanoke Island What was the first English settlement? Why did it fail? Roanoke Island (in North Carolina) It failed and the people disappeared. The English could not support it because of the problems with the Spanish. The settlers spent more time worrying about being attacked than success.

12. History lesson = Why do we speak English? Why did the English have a rivalry with Spain? 1. Colonies: Spain got the first Colonies and became the world’s strongest power. England was jealous and wanted to be powerful too.

13. Speaking English #2 Why did the English have a rivalry with the Spanish? 2. Protestant Reformation: The Catholic church split into two groups over religious differences. The pope ordered that the church be reunited by force if necessary. The Spanish were the most powerful Catholic country. The English were the most powerful Protestant country. England supported a Dutch revolt against Spain

14. Speaking English #3 Why did the English and Spanish have a rivalry? 3. The Mary’s: England mistreated two Catholic queens upsetting Spain. Queen Mary – Catholic queen of England who tried to convert the people of England back to Catholicism. She was married to King Phillip of Spain. When she died – her sister Elizabeth became queen, moved England back to Protestantism, and refused to marry Phillip. Upsetting Spain Mary Queen of Scotts executed by Queen Elizabeth after Mary was accused of trying to have Elizabeth killed. Spain furious!

15. Why do we speak English? What did the rivalry with Spain lead to? The Spanish Armada: Phillip ordered all of his best ships be assembled to attack the English. The English had a small navy. Elizabeth assembled a group of pirates and volunteers. Because of wind and good luck. The English destroyed the Spanish!

16. Speaking English What did this lead to (why was it important)? The Spanish would begin slowly to lose power The English would slowly grow in power The English would be able to successfully start and support colonies in the New World! (Jamestown)

17. Jamestown What was Jamestown? Why was it important? 1 st permanent English settlement (1607) The reasons people came there became a primary motivation for people in America Established important traditions of self representative government Plantation slavery because of the environment

18. Jamestown How was the settlement started? The Virginia Company received a charter from King James This charter gave the company the right to start a settlement. Importance = goal is to make money Charter gave people of Virginia the same rights as people of England!

19. Jamestown Why did people want to leave England to come to Jamestown? Laws of Primogeniture were passed in England. These laws said only the first born sons could inherit land and titles (Duke/Earl/Lord/etc) from their fathers. Other sons desperate Poor economic conditions Land shortages

20. Jamestown What problems did Jamestown have? Men only wanted to find gold and get rich quick Not used to hard work 13 man council argued Location = swamp and bad water Too far from home Mosquitoes and malaria Powhatan wary and not helpful

21. Jamestown Success #1 Why was Jamestown successful? John Smith a soldier and explorer took control of the settlement. Installed military discipline = work for food. Established a relationship with the Powhatan. Negotiated for corn and helped keep the peace

22. Jamestown Success #2 Why was Jamestown successful? Environment was very good for farming (soil) John Rolfe brought in tobacco (cash crop). Brought in the money that the VA Company needed More people desperate for money will move there Importance: Motivation of money and the environment led to - Plantation style farming and slavery in the South

23. Jamestown Success #3 Why was Jamestown successful? Peace with the natives John Rolfe married Pocahontas (Indian princess). Natives began to help the English Importance = time to grow

24. Success #4 Why was Jamestown successful? The Virginia House of Burgesses Representative assembly based on Parliament Attracted people to Virginia = just as free there as in England Importance = precedent for all other colonies Colonists would govern themselves and expect the same rights as people in England

25. Jamestown Importance reviewed: Environment led to plantation slavery in the Southern Colonies Motivation of money became a part of the culture. Representative Government and rights of Englishmen for colonists would lead to problems with the English government in the future. Success leads to growth of the Southern Colonies

26. Plymouth What was Plymouth? Why was it important? 2 nd permanent English settlement (1620). Motivation for going there became an important part of the culture. First Thanksgiving was there Mayflower Compact became a precedent for American government Grew into the New England Colonies

27. Plymouth Who were the Puritans? Puritans were Protestants from England. They wanted to reform the Church of England by making it less Catholic (making it simpler) Well educated and successful landowners and merchants (not nobility) Believed in pure life (no drinking, dancing, etc) Thought their beliefs should be followed by everyone.. Started the New England Colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire)

28. Plymouth Who were the Pilgrims The Pilgrims were Puritans who believed that they should separate from the Church of England. They were persecuted for their beliefs in England They moved to the Netherlands. They were unhappy with life there so they went back to England In 1620 won a charter to start a new settlement in Virginia

29. Plymouth What did the Pilgrims do? Traveled on the ship the Mayflower Got off course and landed north of Virginia. Started a new settlement named Plymouth All men agreed to the Mayflower Compact. Stated that they would have a government and follow its rules.

30. Plymouth (and New England) Why did people go to Plymouth (and the other New England Colonies)? The Pilgrims went to the new world on a religious mission = start a colony based on their beliefs. People went to New England for religious reasons. Religion and doing the righteous thing would always be important to people from the North.

31. Plymouth Success Why did Plymouth succeed? Unlike settlers at Jamestown, the people at Plymouth were hard workers. The local natives helped the settlers learn how to farm and survive the harsh weather. Government and religion provided order.

32. Importance #1 Why was Plymouth important? Religion = motivation of religion and the belief that “we are closest to god” became an important part of American culture. Religious freedom: Pilgrims allowed it in Plymouth = tradition for the future

33. Importance #2 Why was Plymouth important? The first Thanksgiving We still celebrate the coming together of the settlers and the Indians each November. It is a religious based feast that has become a national holiday

34. Importance #3 Why was Plymouth important? The Mayflower Compact: set a precedent for constitutions and written documents about government Became an American tradition. Other settlers would follow the example leading to the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut = the first Constitution followed the example of the Mayflower Compact

35. Importance #4 Why was Plymouth important? The New England Colonies Success of Plymouth led to more Puritan settlers. This led to the growth of 4 New England Colonies that would be based on religion.