1. Chapter 20: THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
REVIEW

2. Who was a Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation, founded a navigation school, and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa?
Henry the Navigator

3. Who was a Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope, thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia?
Bartolomeu Dias

4. Who was a Portuguese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean?
Vasco da Gama

5. Who conquered the Incans in Peru?
Francisco Pizarro

6. Who conquered the Aztec in Central Mexico?
Hernando Cortes

7. What are the “Three G’s” – reasons for exploration?
God, Gold, and Glory

8. Which colony (modern-day country) was Portugal’s most productive sugar producing colony?
Brazil

9. What is the Treaty of Tordesilla?
Line that divided Spain and Portugal’s
claims. Portugal got west of the
line, which included most of the
Americas, Portugal got land to
the east, which included parts of modern-day Brazil.

10. Who was the first to realize that the Americas were different continents than Asia and the New World was named in honor of him?
Amerigo Vespucci

11. Who was the first European to reach the Pacific Ocean?
Vasco Nunez de Balboa

12. Who was the first explorer to be recognized for circumnavigating the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan

13. Find a northwestern passage – a new trade route to Asia
What was France’s first reason for exploration?
Find a northwestern passage – a new trade route to Asia

14. Priests and fur traders had no desire to build towns and
Why were France’s North American holding so sparsely populated?
Priests and fur traders had no desire to build towns and
start families

15. Midwestern United States & Eastern Canada
Where was “New France” located?
Midwestern United States & Eastern Canada

16. Who were the Pilgrims?
English seeking religious freedom. Set up second permanent colony in the New World (Plymouth).

17. CHEAP LABOR (for sugar and cotton plantations)
What is the number one demand of the colonies that led to the Atlantic Slave Trade?
CHEAP LABOR (for sugar and cotton plantations)

18. What were the four advantages to using Africans versus Native Americans as slaves in the New World?
Easily identifiable
Already immune to European diseases
Less likely to escape
Already had farming experience

19. What is the buying and selling of Africans for work in the New World?
Atlantic Slave Trade

20. voyage from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas
What is the Middle Passage?
voyage from Africa across the Atlantic to the Americas

21. Funding colonies in the Americas (New World)
What was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of the late 1500s and 1600s?
Funding colonies in the Americas (New World)

22. What term means a country’s power depends mainly on its wealth?
mercantilism

23. Under mercantilism, what did European countries want their colonies to do?
Provide raw materials

24. What is an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of resources for profit?
capitalism

25. The Columbian Exchange
What is the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the Americas following Columbus's
arrival in the Caribbean in 1492?
The Columbian Exchange

26. Many cultures lost their fittest members and families were torn apart
How was Africa affected by the Atlantic Slave Trade?
Many cultures lost their fittest members and families were torn apart