1. Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution CAFE team, DG Environment and streamlined air quality legislation

2. Thematic Strategy is a response to 6 th EAP 6 th EAP- Decision of Council & EP of July 2002: 6 th EAP- Decision of Council & EP of July 2002: ‘achieving levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and the environment’; (Art 7.1. of 6th EAP) Integrated approach; consistency with other environmental policies; exploit synergies; Better Regulation Better Regulation supported by thorough impact assessment; new legislative proposal to streamline air quality legislation

3. Objective of Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme l Established in 2001 to provide the technical input for the Thematic Strategy on air pollution l Best available science & transparency l Benchmark current and future air pollution with regard to significant impacts l Define interim objectives up to 2020 – based on analysis of closing the gap between business as usual and Maximum Technical Feasible improvement l Inform the review of air quality legislation

4. How were these interim objectives defined? l Peer-reviewed health (WHO) and scientific advice l Assessment of the effect of current policies l Peer-reviewed integrated assessment to develop cost-effective solutions for both health and environment l Peer-reviewed Cost-Benefit Analysis l Macro-economic analysis m Lisbon Strategy & Competitiveness l Stakeholder involvement and consultation m Over 100 stakeholder meetings and over 10.000 responses to internet based consultation l Accompanied by comprehensive impact assessment (170+ pages)

5. Summary of “Business as Usual” l Emissions continue to decline l But in 2020 m Premature deaths related to fine particulates still 270,000 m Loss of statistical average life still 5 months in the EU m Ozone premature mortality equal to 20,800 cases m 119,000 km 2 of forest at risk from acid rain m 590,000 km 2 of ecosystems at risk from nutrient Nitrogen m 760,000 km 2 of forest at risk from ozone l Cost-effective improvements are possible kT20002020% SO 2 87362806-68% NOx115835889-49% VOCs106615918-44% PM 2.5 1749971-44% NH 3 38243686-4% Ships will represent 125% and 101% of land based SO 2 and NOx emissions in 2020.

6. The Strategy

7. Improvement of health & environment (improvement relative to 2000)

8. Summary of Strategy – Costs & Benefits Ambition level Benefits Costs per annum (€bn) Human healthNatural environment Life Years Lost (million) PM 2.5 Premature deaths (000s) PM 2.5 and ozone Range in monetised health benefits per annum (€bn) Ecosystem area exceeded acidification (000 km 2 ) Ecosystem area exceeded eutro- phication (000 km 2 ) Forest area exceeded ozone (000 km 2 ) Forests Semi- natural Fresh- water 20003.62370-2432431733827- Baseline 2020 2.47293-119822590764- Strategy1.9123042 – 135633194166997.1 MTFR1.7220856 – 1813611119338139.7

9. Objectives of the Strategy Improvements by 2020 relative to 2000 Life Years lost from particulate matter (million) 47% Acute mortality from ozone 10% Ecosystem forest area exceeded from acidification 74% Ecosystem freshwaters area exceeded from acidification 39% Ecosystem area exceeded from eutrophication 43% Forest area exceeded by ozone 15%

10. Measures following the Strategy l Euro 5 for cars and vans l Euro 6 for Heavy Duty Engines l Revision of the NECD consistent with objectives identified in the Strategy l Small scale combustion m Review of IPPC directive for larger sources m Energy using Products directive for small sources l Ship NOx engine standards (IMO or Community) l Agriculture (NH 3 ) m N content of feedstuffs m Review of IPPC directive for intensive agriculture l Revise Air quality legislation l http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/air/cafe/index.htm

11. NECPI working group Clean Air & Transport Unit of DG Environment Revision of the National Emissions Ceilings Directive

12. General Approach Series of NECPI meetings in 2006/7 Series of NECPI meetings in 2006/7 Dedicated to specific issues/questions; e.g. Choice Meteorological years Choice of sensitivity scenarios Form and content of information from model runs “legal issues” / implementation mechanics Cooperation between Member States, relative ceilings, etc.. New pollutants Modelling results

13. General Approach (2) l Range of ambition levels already agreed l Recalculate key TS policy scenarios with the revised inputs (Baseline, MTFR, A, B, C, & TS) l Select and run sensitivity cases (Commission funded and Industry funded) l Select and run any required additional policy or sensitivity runs (incorporate new information) l Formulate and bring together advice on other issues (Cooperation, directive’s mechanics, etc.) l Commission initiates internal process to decide upon precise content of legislative proposal

14. Time frame l Realistically, directive proposal not expected until 1 st half of 2007 l Modelling work unlikely to start until April/May 2006 (new baseline being developed) l Envisage 5 meetings of NECPI in 2006; Additional meetings in 2007 will be decided later.

15. Other Relevant Activities l Revision of the NECD Reporting requirements m Simplify and have greater coherence of reporting requirements for Member States (Greenhouse gas, NECD, CLRTAP) m CLRTAP is developing a prototype “Inventory Review” process as requested by the Executive Body r This will require a national inventory report to explain justify national emissions inventories m Working Group on Implementation to address the issues

16. Key questions of a New NEC Directive l New pollutants (PM, CH 4 )? l New approaches – trading/cooperation between Member States? l Relative ceilings rather than absolute caps? l New obligations to support CLRTAP scientific work…? m Critical Loads reporting? m Gridded emissions reporting? m Monitoring? l Revision of the reporting regime