1. Mr. Ermer World History Miami Beach Senior High

2.  The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain in the 1780s:  Agriculture: vast farmlands, good weather, transportation, new crops from Americas means more, cheaper food Population booms  Britain’s wealth encourages entrepreneurs to look for new ways to make money, invest capital  Natural resources many rivers provide water power and transportation, coal and iron plentiful  Large empire provides market for British goods

3.  Steam engine makes production of cotton goods more efficient  Iron production increases, improves  Iron plays big part in expansion of railroads  Factory owners want to run machines all day, so workers now must work in shifts  Industry spreads to Europe at different rates, by 1850 Belgium, France and the German states are industrial and rail is common throughout the continent

5.  1800: 6 of 7 Americans are farmers  1860: Only 50% are farmers 9 cities have over 100,000 people  Roads, canals and railroads built to connect vast nation Steamboats improve water transport  Now factories in Northeast can get goods across country quickly

7.  Cities grow very large, two new, industrial classes emerge: middle class, working class London: over 1 million people  Cramped living conditions, squalor  Industrial Capitalism: economic system based on industrial production  Horrible working conditions for poorly paid, overworked factory workers  Family structure, gender roles change  Socialism emerges, system where “society” owns means of production

9. Congress of Vienna European powers meet to restore peace and order after Napoleon’s defeat European powers meet to restore peace and order after Napoleon’s defeat Klemens von Metternich of Austria runs the meeting in city of Vienna Klemens von Metternich of Austria runs the meeting in city of Vienna Rule of Legitimacy restores kings who were in power before Napoleon Rule of Legitimacy restores kings who were in power before Napoleon Balance of political and military power is meant to guarantee the independence of Europe’s great powers Balance of political and military power is meant to guarantee the independence of Europe’s great powers

11. Political Ideology Concert of Europe: meetings of the powers to share ideas, keep peace Concert of Europe: meetings of the powers to share ideas, keep peace Principle of Intervention: powers’ right to send armies to end revolutions, restore order Principle of Intervention: powers’ right to send armies to end revolutions, restore order Conservatism: tradition and social stability Conservatism: tradition and social stability Political obedience and organized religion Political obedience and organized religion Liberalism: based on Enlightenment, freedom from government restraint Liberalism: based on Enlightenment, freedom from government restraint Civil liberties and rights, constitutions Civil liberties and rights, constitutions Democracy not always favored by liberals Democracy not always favored by liberals

12. Nationalism Nation: community of people sharing common institutions, traditions, language, customs; born from French Revolution Nation: community of people sharing common institutions, traditions, language, customs; born from French Revolution Germans want to unite into “nation” Germans want to unite into “nation” Hungarians want own nation, break from Austria Hungarians want own nation, break from Austria New countries would upset peace established by Congress of Vienna New countries would upset peace established by Congress of Vienna Liberals like nationalism Liberals like nationalism France: liberals oust King Charles X (1830), replaced with Louis-Philippe (cousin) France: liberals oust King Charles X (1830), replaced with Louis-Philippe (cousin) Belgium gains ind. from Dutch Republics Belgium gains ind. from Dutch Republics

13. Revolutions of 1848 Louis-Philippe overthrown, Constituent Assembly elected—by universal male suffrage—to write new constitution Louis-Philippe overthrown, Constituent Assembly elected—by universal male suffrage—to write new constitution Est of Second Republic, Napoleon’s nephew elected President Louis-Napoleon Est of Second Republic, Napoleon’s nephew elected President Louis-Napoleon Frankfurt Assembly moves to unify Germany Frankfurt Assembly moves to unify Germany Movement toward unification of Italy Movement toward unification of Italy

14. Concert Of Europe Fails Crimean War: Russia vs. Ottoman Empire Crimean War: Russia vs. Ottoman Empire 1853: Russia invades Ottoman Balkans, Britain and France declare war on Russia 1853: Russia invades Ottoman Balkans, Britain and France declare war on Russia 1856: Treaty of Paris, Russia breaks truce with Austria, ending Concert of Europe 1856: Treaty of Paris, Russia breaks truce with Austria, ending Concert of Europe Austrians left without friends among Europe’s great powers Austrians left without friends among Europe’s great powers Austrian Italy and Germany now free to unify with the support of the powers Austrian Italy and Germany now free to unify with the support of the powers

15. Italian Unification Northern Italian state of Piedmont takes lead in attempted unification after 1848 Northern Italian state of Piedmont takes lead in attempted unification after 1848 King Victor Emmanuel II crowned 1849 King Victor Emmanuel II crowned 1849 Allies with France, provokes Austria Allies with France, provokes Austria After fight: France gets Nice & Savoy, Austria only keeps Venetia, other Italian states join Kingdom of Piedmont After fight: France gets Nice & Savoy, Austria only keeps Venetia, other Italian states join Kingdom of Piedmont Giuseppe Garibaldi, and his Red Shirts, conquer kingdom of Sicily, cedes control to Piedmont— Kingdom of Italy is est 1861 Giuseppe Garibaldi, and his Red Shirts, conquer kingdom of Sicily, cedes control to Piedmont— Kingdom of Italy is est 1861 Rome is named the capital of Italy 1870 Rome is named the capital of Italy 1870

17. German Unification Otto von Bismarck named prime minister of Prussia by King William I Otto von Bismarck named prime minister of Prussia by King William I Realpolitik: politics based on reality Realpolitik: politics based on reality Never approved by parliament, war hawk Never approved by parliament, war hawk Defeats: Denmark (1864) Austria (1866) Defeats: Denmark (1864) Austria (1866) German confederation split between Protestant north and Catholic south German confederation split between Protestant north and Catholic south France nervous, Franco-Prussian War France nervous, Franco-Prussian War Napoleon III captured, France gives up Alsace & Lorraine, burning for revenge Napoleon III captured, France gives up Alsace & Lorraine, burning for revenge 1871: Germany unites as one, Prussia’s King William I named kaiser of Second German Empire 1871: Germany unites as one, Prussia’s King William I named kaiser of Second German Empire

19. European Nationalism British parliament expands suffrage British parliament expands suffrage Queen Victoria ushers age of prosperity Queen Victoria ushers age of prosperity 1852: Louis-Napoleon named emperor 1852: Louis-Napoleon named emperor Economy greatly expanded Economy greatly expanded Hungary gains influence, empire grows and renamed Austro-Hungarian Empire Hungary gains influence, empire grows and renamed Austro-Hungarian Empire Russians realize need for change after loss in Crimean War, Czar Alexander II reforms Russians realize need for change after loss in Crimean War, Czar Alexander II reforms Emancipation of the serfs, land reforms Emancipation of the serfs, land reforms Alexander II assassinated, Alexander III anti-ref Alexander II assassinated, Alexander III anti-ref

21.   War of 1812 ushers good national feelings  Federal strength vs. States’ power  Suffrage expanded to almost all white men  Abolition of slavery causes disagreements  Southern states secede from the Union  1860s: Civil War between north/south  North (Union) wins, southern states rejoin  Results in stronger federal government, and freeing of slaves  “one nation, indivisible” American Nationalism

23.   Upper Canada (Ontario): English speaking  Lower Canada (Quebec): French speaking  1837: Rebellions rise against British  1840: British parliament joins two Canadas  1867: British North America Act, creates a Canadian nation, with constitution  Foreign affairs still handled by British Emergence of Canada

24. Work On It: On page 340, write and answer 1-10