1. Radical Reconstruction

2. 2 Focus Activity

3. 3 The Civil War, 1861-1865

4. 4 Reconstruction Era Photograph of ruins in Richmond, Virginia, taken in 1865

5. 5 Major Questions After the Civil War How should the South be rebuilt? How should the states that seceded be brought back into the Union? How should former slaves be incorporated into the country as freed men and women?

6. 6 Reconstructing a Nation Photograph of a Union soldier camp taken between 1861 and 1865 After 4 years of war and over 200 years of slavery, could Northerners and Southerners rebuild the South together? Could they unify as citizens of the same country?

7. 7 Punishment for the Confederate States? Illustration of the Attack on Fort Sumter from 1861 What should be done to the Southern state governments that fought against the United States? Should people who fought against the United States be recognized as citizens? Should they be punished?

8. 8 African Americans in the South Photograph of an enslaved family in South Carolina taken in 1862 How would freed men and women be treated in the Southern states? How would Northerners address the issue of including former slaves as citizens in society? What were some major challenges that former slaves faced?

9. After the War South lay in ruins (destroyed) Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food, clothing, & jobs President Lincoln planned for Reconstruction, the rebuilding of the South http://www.archives.go v/research/civil- war/photos/images/civil -war-112.jpg Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C.Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., 1865. 111-B-4667.

10. Lincoln ’ s Reconstruction Plan Reunite Union quickly Southern state could form a new government after 10 % of its voters swore loyalty to U.S. States also had to abolish slavery Many in Congress didn ’ t like Lincoln ’ s plan & wanted a stricter form of Reconstruction http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-188.jpg

11. 11 Acts of Congress Freedman’s Bureau was created by Congress –It gave food, clothing, & other kinds of help to the freedman. Thirteenth Amendment –Passed by Congress in January, 1865 –Ended slavery throughout the U.S.

12. 12 Glimpses at the Freedmen - The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va. / from a sketch by Jas E. Taylor (1866). Room of African American women sewing. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaodyssey:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a33775))

13. Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 Andrew Johnson became President http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-202.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-198.jpg John Wilkes Booth

14. Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson In each southern states, a majority of voters must swear loyalty to the U.S. Each state must approve the 13 th Amendment Then each state could rejoin the Union http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-187.jpg Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President

15. Impeachment of Johnson Tenure of Office Act: Restricted the President of removing a cabinet member without Senate approval. Johnson removed Sec. of War Edwin Stanton. Johnson was aquitted, (he was not removed from office). 15

16. 16 Response to Johnson’s Plan Southern States met Johnson ’ s demands Republicans in Congress outraged because African Americans were not allowed to vote & former Confederate Leaders were elected to Congress

17. Central Historical Question Why was the Radical Republican plan for Reconstruction considered “radical”?