1. Challenges to Separate Collection: The Case for Turkey Novotel, Bucharest, Romania 9 10 2014 Mete IMER

2. Some Data on Turkey Population: 76.667.864 Number of cities: 81 Number of municipalities: 1.397 Number of sanitary landfills: 76 Amount of municipal waste: 25.800.000 ton GDP: 534 billion Euro

3. Some Data on Turkish Waste Legislation Harmonisation with the EU: – Environment Law – Waste Framework Directive – Packaging Waste Control Regulation – Regulation on Batteries – Regulation on Mineral Oil, etc.

4. Turkish Packaging Waste Control Regulation Roles and Responsibilities: – Ministry of Environment and Urbanization – Municipalities – Licenced Collectors, Sorters and Recyclers – Producers (Extended Producer Responsibility) – Authorised Recovery Organisations – Sales Points – Consumers

5. Enforcement Training Communication Enforcement Training Communication Packaging Waste ControlRegulation ControlRegulation Declaration RecoveryTargets Awareness training Communication Declaration RecoveryTargets Awareness training Communication Separate collection Awareness training Communication Separate collection Awareness training Communication Ministry of Environment and Urbanization City Directorates Sales Points Ministry of Environment and Urbanization City Directorates Sales Points Municipalities Fillers Packers Importers Auth. Recovery Org. Fillers Packers Importers Auth. Recovery Org. Licenced Waste Mgt. Companies Licenced Waste Mgt. Companies Collecting-Sorting Recycling Collecting-Sorting Recycling Roles and Responsibilities

6. ÇEVKO, set up and run by the Industry (founded in 1991, authorised in 2005) Authorised Recovery Organisation

7. Vision: A sustainable recovery system, led by the Industry, contributing to the environmental protection, economic and social development in Turkey ÇEVKO

8. Mission: -To contribute to the development of the legal infrastructure. -To cooperate with municipalities to spread “separate collection” throughout the country. -To undertake and fulfill recovery obligations of the Industry. -To accumulate knowledge, support stakeholders and increase public awareness. ÇEVKO

9. Households, Industry, Commercial Sources Packaging Waste MUNICIPALITIES LICENCED COLLECTORS - SORTERS LICENCED RECYCLERS Sorted Materials Value for the Sorted Materials Authorised Recovery Organisation (ÇEVKO) PACKERS/ FILLERS / IMPORTERS Agreement Service Fee Agreement Service Fee EPR Model

10. Achievements Agreement with Major Obliged Companies

11. Achievements Agreement with Major Municipalities

12. Challenges Low level of consumer awareness Low level of enforcement by the authorities Informal sector Street collectors

13. A Project for Street Collectors Purpose: To understand the problem and propose a plan to integrate street collectors to the formal system. Reason: To contribute to the sustainability of the formal system. Parties: ÇEVKO, some NGO’s, Union of Marmara Municipalities and some licenced Waste Management Companies.

14. Main Findings Parties, including representatives of street collectors, met 3 times, within 3 municipalities in Istanbul, in 3rd Quarter, 2014. Main findings: Used to sort at dump sites. Moved to cities and become “street collectors” after construction of sanitary landfills. Have and cause health and security problems.

15. Main Findings Due to inefficiencies of the system – (low level of participation by consumers, – some municipalities not engaging in separate collection, – low level of enforcement by the authorities, etc.) packaging waste go to organic waste bins. Street collectors collect and sort packaging waste out of organic waste bins located in front of houses or at common locations. Work in an organised fashion.

16. Main Findings Work informally; yet they constitute a certain percentage of the low income population and could not be ignored. Sort and sell waste materials, especially the valuable ones such as PET, Aluminium and sometimes paper to scrap dealers in the neighborhood. Scrap dealers sell the materials to a sorter or to a recycler informally.

17. Position of Parties ÇEVKO: Household separate collection system should not be compromised. Street collectors should be part of the separate collection system by cooperating with licenced waste management companies. Transactions between street collectors and the licenced companies should be formal.

18. Position of Parties Municipalities: Street collectors within the municipality should be identified, equipped with proper clothing and equipment. Zones, within the municipality, may be allocated for pre-sorting and storage for the materials collected. Licenced Waste Management Companies : Street collectors should sell their materials to the licenced company within that municipality.

19. Street Collectors: Reluctant to work as employees of licenced collectors-sorters. Willing to sell the materials collected at market prices to the licenced collectors-sorters of the municipality they work in. Scrap dealers are willing to relocate their facilities to allocated zones defined by the municipality. Position of Parties

20. The Way Forward Gather further information: – Continue meeting with the parties – Search for cooperation at international (Balkan) level Propose a solution based on common positions of the parties:

21. www.cevko.org.tr cevko@cevko.org.tr Thank you!