1. The Cold War Begins

2. Objective Students will be able to analyze the effects of WWII in order to describe the lasting effects that carried into the Cold War

3. Postwar Economic Problems Demobilization What should we do with all of these returning vets? GI Bill Inflation Real GNP decreased in 1946 and 1947 33% in 46 and 47 price controls removed Employment act of 1946 created council of economic advisors promote maximum employment, production and purchasing power

4. Labor increase in strikes Taft-Hartley banned the closed shop unions liable loyalty oaths Operation Dixie-attempt to unionize the South Baby Boom 50 million babies by the end of the 1950’s

5. Foreign Policy Yalta February 1945 Japan lost land-Sakhalin Island, Kurile Island Russia gained land-Port Arthur, Dairen, RR control in Manchuria undermined Chiang Russia agreed to attack Japan U.N. April 25, 1945 in San Fran Security Council can veto Bretton Woods, 1944 World Bank International Monetary Fund Nuremberg Trials European occupation-Berlin Airlift May 1948-May 1949 Truman Doctrine-1947 NATO-April 1949-an attack on 1 is an attack on all

6. 1948 Election Democrats nominate Harry Truman Republicans nominate Thomas Dewey, again Dixiecrats nominate Strom Thurmond of SC Progressive Party-Henry Wallace Truman-303 electoral votes Dewey-189 Thurmond-39 Popular Vote 24,179,345 for Truman, 21,991,291 for Dewey, 1,176,125 for Thurmond and 1,157,326 for Wallace Dems took Congress

7. Foreign Policy The Cold War 4 and ½ decades molded societies/economies overshadowed entire postwar international order Containment in Europe George Kennan-Russia relentlessly expansionary could be stopped by “firm and vigilant containment” Truman Doctrine-$400 million to Greece/Turkey Pro-America/Pro-Russia sides Any dictator could get support to fight communism Marshall Plan-July 1947 political reforms/certain outside controls USSR walked out 12,5 billion over 4 years Appropriated April 1948 after Czechoslovakia communist coup

8. The Middle East Stalin broke an agreement to remove troops from Iran aided a rebel movement Truman recognized Israel on May 14, 1948 National Security Act of 1947 Department of Defense Joint Chiefs of Staff replaced the uniformed heads of each service branch National Security Council CIA Selective Service Act brought back in 1948 U.S. joined NATO on April 4, 1949

9. Containment in Asia 7 top Japanese officials hanged and 18 to prison terms MacArthur Constitution, 1946 China Mao Zedong forced Chiang to Taiwan (Formosa) ¼ of world’s population now Communist Soviets exploded 1 st nuke in September 1949 Moved Truman to initiate the H-Bomb U-2 Incident

10. Red Scare at Home HUAC Alger Hiss Case accused of being a communist agent caught on lies/convicted of perjury McCarran Internal Security Act authorized the President to arrest and detain suspicious people during an “internal security emergency”-vetoed by Truman and overridden Rosenberg Case-convicted in 1951 of espionage and executed in 1953 McCarthy Witch-Hunt

11. Immigration McCarran-Walter Immigration Act Expanded the definition of the United States to include territories Allowed the U.S. to deport people that were “subversives” (i.e. Communists)

12. Korean Conflict Korea peninsula a Japanese colony since 1910 38 th parallel decided after WWII June 25, 1950-North Korea crossed the 38 th Truman said it proved the “containment doctrine” NSC-68:U.S. quadruple its defense spending 3.5 million men ready $50 billion/year or 13% of GNP U.S.S.R. absent from the U.N. on June 25 Truman did not consult Congress Sent MacArthur and American air and naval forces Police action

13. MacArthur attacked at Inchon-behind enemy lines Attack pushed North Koreans back behind the 38 th South Koreans kept going north and the U.N. authorized a crossing “have the boys home by Christmas” not so fast MacArthur wanted to: 1. Blockade the Chinese coast 2. Bomb bases in Manchuria 3. Tactical nuclear weapons on Southern Chinese coast MacArthur then relieved of his duties when he spoke out publicly against Truman

14. Homework Read Chapter 37 Due 4/16 1940s Decade Chart Due 4/16 1950s Decade Chart Due 4/20 Chapter 38 Due 4/20