1. Plants

2. I. What is a plant?  A. A multicelluar, eukaryote that has tissues and organs with specialized functions.

3. II. Parts of a Plant 

4. A. Roots  Absorb water and nutrients  Anchor plant  Example: carrot, radish, and sweet potato

5. B. Stems B. Stems  Support leaves and reproductive structures  The production of xylem produces the annual rings

6. C. Leaves  Main function is Photosynthesis  Take in CO 2 and release O 2

7. Classification of Leaves

8. D. Fruits  Ripened ovaries of flowering plants  Help to distribute seeds

9. III. Plant Adaptations to Land A.Cuticle  waxy or fatty coating that helps to prevent water loss

10. B.Stoma  allows for gas exchange

11.  C. Seeds  Contains an embryo and nutrients  Allows for survival of harsh conditions

12.  D. Vascular Tissues  Specialized transport tissues of water and nutrients  Allows for faster transportation

13. IV. Plant Classification

14. A.Vascular vs. Nonvascular Plants 1.Nonvascular – substances move through cells by diffusion and osmosis 2.Vascular- substances move through cells by xylem and phloem

15. a.Xylem  Transports water  Composed of tracheids and vessels

16. b.Phloem  Main food carrying tissue  Composed of sieve tube members and companion cells

18. B. Gymnosperm vs. Angiosperm 1.Gymnosperm  Conifer vascular plants:  Examples: pine tree, fir tree, cedar tree  Seedless vascular plants  Reproduce by spores  Examples: ferns, cycads, horsetails, ginkgo

19. B. Gymnosperms group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit). group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit).

20. Gymnosperms

21. 2. Angiosperms  Vascular Seed Plants  Flowering Plants  Examples: water lilies, potato plants, rose potato plants, rose

24. C. Monocot vs. Dicot  1. Five Distinguishing Characteristics

25. a. Cotyledons Cotyledons are used to store nutrients in the seed until the plant is able to produce its own food through photosynthesis  MONOCOTS  “one cotyledon”  DICOTS  “two cotyledons”

26. Floral Parts (Sepals and Petals) MONOCOTS  Occurs in 3’s DICOTS  Occurs in 4’s or 5’s

27. Leaf Venation MONOCOTS  Parallel venation DICOTS  Net-like venation

28. Pores in Pollen Grains MONOCOTS  Usually consist of one pore in the pollen grains DICOTS  Usually consist of three pores in the pollen grains

29. Vascular Bundles (Xylem and Phloem) MONOCOTS  Vascular bundles are scattered (xylem and phloem) DICOTS  Vascular bundles are arranged in a circle

30. DICOTS MONOCOTS

31. Roots  Roots provides support and the stems and leaves with water and dissolved minerals

32. Flowers -contains the plant's reproductive organs, and its function is to produce seeds through reproduction seeds reproductionseeds reproduction

33. Monocot or Dicot?