1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Biology

2. Lab equipment beaker

3. Erlenmeyer flask

4. Graduated cylinder

5. Meniscus—measure from bottom at eye level

6. Test tube

7. Safety symbols:
Used to warn us of the danger that may exist from chemicals, electricity, heat and other procedures

8. 2 types of science:
Pure science- study of science to gain knowledge about something
Applied science- solves problems using the knowledge gained

9. What is the purpose of Science?
To solve problems and learn about the surroundings

10. How do we solve problems?
Process Used is the scientific method
5 main steps to the scientific method:
1. observation/state problem
2. hypothesis
3. experiment
4. analyze data
5. draw conclusions

11. Making an observation (identify your problem?)
State what the problem is
Ex. The car won’t run

12. Make a hypothesis What is an hypothesis?
A guess base on your prior knowledge
Ex. The car won’t run because it is out of gas

13. What is an experiment? used to test to see if the hypothesis is true
Information collected is called data
Steps are described in the procedure
Ex. Add gasoline to the car to see if the engine starts

14. All experiments must have 3 parts:
1. independent variable- the part of the experiment that you change
Ex. Add gasoline
2. dependent variable- the part of the experiment affected by the change
Ex. Running of the engine
3. control- standard of the experiment that you compare data to

15. Gathering and analyzing data:
When conducting an experiment, you will get data from it.
Ex. The car engine ran after gas was added
2 types of data:
Verbal- in words only (descriptive)
Numerical- in numbers (quantitative)

16. Presenting Data:
Use graphs, diagrams, or charts that the common person can read
Types of graphs:
Line graphs (compare 1 variable)
Bar graphs (compares more than 1 variable)
Pie charts (compares percents)

17. Drawing conclusions:
Using the data you obtained, tell whether the hypothesis you stated was true or not
If it was true, you accept your hypothesis and explain why
If it was false, you reject your hypothesis and explain why
Explain why by writing a conclusion to summarize experiment
Ex. I accept my hypothesis because the car ran after adding gasoline

18. Scientists research to answer questions
2 kinds of research:
Quantitative research- the information gathered can be expressed in numbers
Ex. 9 grams of fat, 32 degrees
Descriptive research- date is expressed in words only (can’t be measured)
Ex. the mice were aggressive
Descriptive is less reliable because it is more opinionated

19. SI units:
International units of measurements used in science (same units used worldwide)
Units of measurement prefixes of measurement
Meter (m)-length kilo (k)-1000
Liter (l)- volume hecto (h)-100
Second (s)-time deka (da)-10
Gram (g)- mass deci (d)- .1 or 1/10
Kelvin (k)/celsius (c)-temp. centi (c)- .01 or 1/100
milli (m) or 1/ micro (y) or 1/10000
Example: km means kilo meter or 1000 meters

20. Conversion chart Kilo (k) Hecto (h) Deka (da) Unit Deci (d) Centi (c)
Gram (g)
Meter (m)
Liter (L)
Deci
(d)
Centi
(c)
Milli
(m)

21. Do scientists have the responsibility to be ethical?
YES!
When experimenting and studying data, you should never change the information to make it what you would like for it to be. We have a moral responsibility to report things correctly

22. Why is biology useful? 1. Learn about things around
us to answer questions
about them
2. Learn how each living
thing functions and how
all organisms depend
on each other

23. What is biology? The study of life/living things Bio-life
logy-study of

24. What are living things? Organism- 1 living thing
Examples: butterfly, flower, man

25. What do butterflies, man and flowers have in common that makes them “living things”?

26. Common characteristics of all living things:
Organized
Reproduce
Grow and develop
Adjust to environment
Acquire and use energy

27. What does it mean to be complex and organized?
Organized- all structures
work together as
a whole unit
Ex. Human body

28. What does it mean to reproduce?
To produce new living things

29. What is growth and develop?
Growth- means to increase in the amount of living material
Develop- means to change body forms
Ex. Tadpole to frog

30. What is the environment?
Environment- surroundings
Includes air, water, other organisms, land, etc.

31. How do living things adjust to the environment?
Maintain homeostasis-regulation of on organisms internal environment to keep it constant
(ex. Our body temp. is around 98.6)
Stimulus- a condition in the environment that causes an adjustment to be made
(Ex. Touching a hot stove)
Response- reacting to the stimulus
(Ex. Lift hand off of stove)
Adaptation- the process/behavior that enables an organism to respond to changes in the environment
(Ex. Grow longer hair in winter, sweat when hot)

32. Biology terms Unity- characteristics organisms have in common
Diversity- characteristics not in common
Ethics- practice of right and wrong
Technology- application of scientific research to society’s needs and problems

33. theory-a broad explanation of how/why things occur (it has been repeated in experiments but has not been proven to be fact) Law-considered to be a fact of nature (same results have been repeated over and over and it is considered to be a fact)
Example:
Kinetic molecular theory- states that all matter is made of tiny moving particles
Law of conservation of matter-matter is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction