1. Chapter 1

2. Coach Biology
Chapter 1
Lessons 1-6

3. To study the variety of living things.
Intro
To study the variety of living things.
Reasons to study biology:
Life on Earth includes not only the common organisms you notice every day, but also distinctive life forms that have unusual behaviors.
Unit Overview – pages

4. Reasons to study biology:
Intro
Reasons to study biology:
2. To develop general principles & rules to show that there is order to the world.

5. Reasons to study biology:
Intro
Reasons to study biology:
3. To study the interactions between living things . Living things do not exist in isolation. They are all functioning parts in the delicate balance of nature.

6. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
Intro
Living things interact with their environment and depend upon other living and nonliving things to aid their survival.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

7. Reasons to study biology:
Intro
Reasons to study biology:
4. To understand how living things supply us with food, raw materials, oxygen…

8. Reasons to study biology:
Intro
Reasons to study biology:
5. To understand how food webs can affect the future health of our planet.

9. Reasons to study biology:
Intro
Reasons to study biology:
6. To gain basic knowledge in order to make critical choices relevant to our future on Earth.

10. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 1-2
The methods biologists use
The common steps that scientists use to gather information and answer questions are known as scientific methods.
Usually begin with scientists identifying a problem to solve by observing the world around them.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

11. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 1-2
Lesson 2
The methods biologists use
A hypothesis:
is an explanation for a question.
can be tested by conducting an experiment.
is not a random guess.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

12. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 2
Lesson 1-2
Experimenting
An experiment is an investigation that tests a hypothesis by the process of collecting information under controlled conditions.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

13. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 2
Lesson 1-2
What is a controlled experiment?
Some experiments involve two groups: the control group and the experimental group.
The control group is the group in which all conditions are kept the same.
The experimental group is the test group, in which all conditions are kept the same except for the single condition being tested.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

14. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 2
Lesson 1-2
Designing an experiment
In a controlled experiment, only one condition is changed at a time.
The condition in an experiment that is changed is the independent variable, because it is the only variable that affects the outcome of the experiment.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

15. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 2
Lesson 1-2
Designing an experiment
While changing the independent variable, the scientist observes or measures a second condition that results from the change.
This condition is the dependent variable, because any changes in it depend on changes made to the independent variable.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

16. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 2
Lesson 1-2
Using tools
Biologists use a variety of tools to obtain information in an investigation.
Common tools include beakers, test tubes, hot plates, petri dishes, thermometers, balances, metric rulers, and graduated cylinders.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

17. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Scientific Methods
Lesson 2
Lesson 1-2
Using tools
More complex tools include microscopes, centrifuges, radiation detectors, spectrophotometers, DNA analyzers, and gas chromatographs.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

18. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Lesson 1-2
Data gathering
Information obtained from investigations is called data.
Often, data are in numerical form (numbers) Such data is called quantitative data.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

19. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Lesson 1-2
Data gathering
Quantitative data may be measurements of time, temperature, length, mass, area, volume, or other factors.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

20. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23
Lesson 1-2
Quantitative information
Paramecium Survival Rates
Quantitative data may be used to make a graph
or table.
Number of paramecia surviving
Temperature
Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23

21. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23
Lesson 1-2
Quantitative information
Graphs and tables communicate large amounts of data in a form that is easy to understand.
Paramecium Survival Rates
Number of paramecia surviving
Temperature
Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23

22. Lesson 1-2
Data gathering
Qualitative data are expressed in verbal form, using words to describe observations.
Written descriptions of what scientists observe—are just as important in the solution of a scientific problem as numerical data.

23. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Lesson 3
Thinking about what happened
After careful review of the results, the scientist must come to a conclusion:
Was the hypothesis supported by the data?
Was it not supported?
Are more data needed?
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

24. Lesson 3
Lesson 1-2
Reporting results
Results and conclusions of investigations are reported in scientific journals, where they are available for examination by other scientists.

25. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Lesson 3
Lesson 1-2
Verifying results
After results of an investigation have been published, other scientists can try to verify the results by repeating the procedure.
When a hypothesis is supported by data from additional investigations, it is considered valid and is generally accepted by the scientific community.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

26. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Lesson 4
Theories and laws
In science, a hypothesis that is supported by many separate observations and investigations, usually over a long period of time, becomes a theory.
A theory is an explanation of a natural phenomenon that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence obtained from many different investigations and observations.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

27. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Lesson 4
Theories and laws
In addition to theories, scientists also recognize certain facts of nature, called laws or principles, that are generally known to be true.
Ex. Law of Gravity
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

28. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23
Lesson 4
Science and Society
Ethics (right or wrong) refers to the moral principles and values held by humans.
Society (not scientists) must take responsibility for the ethical use of scientific discoveries.
Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23

29. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23
Lesson 4
Can technology solve all problems?
Scientific research that is carried out mainly for the sake of knowledge —with no immediate interest in applying the results to daily living—is called pure science.
Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23

30. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23
Lesson 4
Can technology solve all problems?
Other scientists work in research that has
obvious and immediate applications for daily
living –applied science.
Technology is the application of scientific research to society’s needs and problems –trying to solve our problems .
Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23

31. Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23
Lesson 4
Can technology solve all problems?
Science and technology will never answer all of the questions we ask, nor will they solve all of our problems.
Section 1.3 Summary – pages 19-23

32. Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18
Lesson 5
Maintaining safety
Safety is another important factor that scientists consider when carrying out investigations.
Sharp Object Safety This symbol appears when a danger of cuts or punctures caused by the use of sharp objects exists.
Clothing Protection Safety This symbol appears when substances used could stain or burn clothing.
Eye Safety This symbol appears when a danger to the eyes exists. Safety goggles should be worn when this symbol appears.
Chemical Safety This symbol appears when chemicals used can cause burns or are poisonous if absorbed through the skin.
Section 1.2 Summary – pages 11-18

33. What is Life?
"Biology" comes from two Greek words, "bios" meaning life, and "logos" meaning study. Biology is the study of life.
Section 1 Check

34. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life is known as an organism.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

35. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
1. Have an Orderly Structure
Living things are organized. They must organize chemicals into cells cells into tissues tissues into organs and organs into organ systems.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

36. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
2. Produce Offspring
One of the most obvious of all the characteristics of life is reproduction, the production of offspring.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

37. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
Reproduction is not essential for the survival of an individual organism, but it is essential for the continuation of the organism’s species. Otherwise, the species will become extinct.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

38. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
3. Grow and Develop
Growth causes an increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures.
All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism are known as its development.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

39. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Living things change during their lives
All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism are known as its development.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

40. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
4. Adapt to changes in the environment
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

41. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Living things adapt and evolve
Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to respond to survive in it’s environment is called an adaptation.
Adaptations are inherited from previous generations.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

42. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Living things adapt and evolve
The gradual change in a species through adaptations over time is evolution.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

43. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
5. Respond to Stimuli
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

44. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Living things adjust to their surroundings
Anything in an organism’s external or internal environment that causes the organism to react is a stimulus.
A reaction to a stimulus is a response.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

45. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
6. Maintain Homeostasis
Regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival is called homeostasis.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

46. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Characteristics of Living Things
7. Use Energy
Energy is the ability to cause change.
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10

47. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10
What is Life?
Living things use energy for
maintaining Metabolism (chemical interactions that provide the nutrients and energy needed to sustain life)
Digestion (breaking down food)
Circulation (transportation of materials throughout their cell or body)
Excretion (getting rid of wastes)
Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10