1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Objective 10 Name the six types of synovial joints based on the movements they allow.

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Features of Synovial Joints  Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones  Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule  Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid  Ligaments reinforce the joint  Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs  Lined with synovial membranes  Filled with synovial fluid

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Synovial Joint Figure 5.28

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Plane Joint 1. Plane joints  Articular surfaces are essentially flat  Allow only slipping or gliding movements  Small bones of Wrist & ankle Figure 8.7a

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Types of Synovial Joints 2. Hinge joints  Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another  Motion is along a single plane  permit flexion and extension only  Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hinge Joints Figure 8.7b

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 3. Pivot Joints Rounded end of one bone protrudes into a “sleeve,” or ring, composed of bone (and possibly ligaments) of another  Will rotate on an axis  Examples: joint between the axis and the atlas (neck), and the proximal radioulnar joint (forearm)

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Pivot Joints Figure 8.7c

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 4. Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints  Oval surface of one bone fits into a depression in another  Both articular surfaces are oval  Biaxial joints permit all angular motions  Examples: radiocarpal (wrist) joints, and metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints Figure 8.7d

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 5. Saddle Joints  Similar to condyloid joints but allow greater movement  Each articular surface has both a concave and a convex surface  Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

12. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Saddle Joints Figure 8.7e

13. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings 6. Ball-and-Socket Joints  A spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with a cuplike socket of another  Multiaxial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints  Examples: shoulder and hip joints

14. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Ball-and-Socket Joints Figure 8.7f