1. Wirral Metropolitan College
Hair, Beauty & Sports Therapy
Resource related to modules:
Client care
Health, Safety & Security
Compiled by: Lynda Johnson
May 2004

2. Contents Health and Hygiene Infestation and Disease
Personal Hygiene and Appearance
Hazards in the Salon
Infestation and Disease
Including images and web pages for: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Head lice, Ringworm, Impetigo, Scabies Eczema, Alopecia, Psoriasis, Folliculitis, Dandruff, Keloids, and In growing hair

3. Contents (cont.) Salon Hygiene Accidents in the Salon
General Salon Hazards - video clip (general salon environment)
Sterilisation - information and images
Accidents in the Salon
First aid kit – information and image
Instruction and video clips for the treatment of: Burns, electric shocks, eye splash
Instruction and image about the treatment of: Cuts, fainting, and seizures
Copy of accident/incident form

4. Health and Hygiene
This section looks at what infection actually is and how you can avoid spreading it in the salon.
Good health and safety practice begins with yourself, so looking at your own personal health, hygiene and appearance is included.

5. Health and Hygiene
Hygiene is very important in hairdressing as you will come into direct contact with clients, using tools and equipment such as brushes, combs, towels and gowns.
There is always a risk of cross-infection (spreading infection from one person to another). All salon staff must make sure that clients and other salon staff, are protected from this risk. Clients expect high standards of cleanliness and hygiene in the salon, and all staff must follow the salon's requirements.

6. Personal Hygiene and Appearance
Don't forget that the first impressions that you make with your clients are the most important! What impression would you make if your hair was untidy, your overall stained and your hands and nails dirty?
The following are things to think about your own personal hygiene and appearance. Look at each one and explain why they are important to hairdressers:
* PERSONAL HYGIENE * NAILS AND HANDS * ORAL HYGIENE * HAIR * FEET POSTURE AND DEPORTMENT * JEWELLERY * CLOTHES

7. Working un-hygienically in the salon
Video Clip Click the image below to play the video clip (click it again to stop)

8. Hazards in salon environment
Video Clip
Click the image below to play the video clip (click it again to stop)
Identify (list) and discuss a minimum of 10 hazards:

9. Infection and Disease
Advise and Consult with Clients, you looked at some of the common diseases and disorders that hairdressers might come across, including some infectious ones and also infestations.
Hairdressers must be able to recognise the symptoms of these conditions and be able to tell whether they are infectious or non-infectious.
A potentially infectious condition is a medical condition or state of health which may be passed to others

10. Infections
Infections are diseases which are passed on from one person to another. This can be by direct or indirect contact. We all carry micro organisms in our bodies, our hair and on our skin – they are, in fact, a vital part of life! Most of these micro-organisms are harmless. Those that are harmful to us are called pathogens which are types of bacteria, viruses and fungi.

11. Infected hand
Photograph of an infected hand:

12. Bacteria
Bacteria are staphylococci, streptococci and bacilli which can live outside of the human body.
Bacterial infections include boils, conjunctivitis (an eye infection) and impetigo. They are treated with antibiotics.

13. Viruses
Viruses are much smaller. They survive only in living cells and so cannot live for very long outside the human body.
Viral infections include the common cold, cold sores (herpes simplex) and warts.
Viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics

14. Fungi
Fungi are actually plant forms which are made up from a mass of tiny threads (called hyphae) and are parasites on the human body. They grow in similar conditions to bacteria.
Fungal infections include ringworm (tinea).
Infections are caused by micro-organisms or more simply, harmful germs or bacteria. Examples include, the common cold, boils, conjunctivitis (an eye infection), ringworm (tinea), cold sores (herpes simplex), impetigo and warts. Remember that bacteria is everywhere and is mostly harmless to us!

15. Fungi
Photograph image of foot fungi

16. Contagious
From a personal health and hygiene point of view, common sense helps – colds and flu for instance, can be spread by coughing and sneezing.
Cuts and abrasions may become infected if left untreated or unprotected.
Some viruses such as the HIV virus can only be transmitted through the exchange of body fluids such as blood – so, in the salon take care if skin (either a client's or your own) is accidentally cut.
Remember that our bodies have a natural defence mechanism which fights off many pathogens – in fact, we can become infected but not contract the disease.

17. Infestation
Infestations are caused by animal parasites living on the body.
Common examples include head lice (pediculosis capitis) and scabies (caused by the itch-mite).
If you suspect an infectious or contagious condition, you must report it to your manager or supervisor.

18. Ringworm Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Newman Veterinary website
Would you be able to continue the service? (click YES or NO)

19. Impetigo Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Kids Health website
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20. Scabies Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the MedInfo website
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21. Eczema Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Healthy House website
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22. Alopecia Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Keratin website
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23. Psoriasis Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Psoriasis website
Would you be able to continue the service? (click YES or NO)

24. Folliculitis Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the MedHelp website
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25. Dandruff Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Skinsite website
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26. Keloids Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Merck.com website
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27. In-growing hair Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Skinsite website

28. Head lice Research and Discuss: Symptom Cause Referral
Go to the Mayo Clinic website
Would you be able to continue the service? (click YES or NO)

29. Skin and Scalp Disorders Crossword
Click the link below to try the Skin and Scalp Disorders Crossword Quiz
Crossword Quiz

30. GENERAL SALON HYGIENE
Infection can be spread quite easily in a hairdressing salon because:
Germs breed easily and quickly in warm, moist (humid) conditions.
Salons are often heated for client comfort, they get warm from hairdryers and there is always moisture in the air from the evaporation of water during the drying process.
It is important to keep the salon well ventilated, allowing a good circulation of air – reducing humidity (moisture in the air). This can be done by opening windows or using an extractor fan.

31. Sterilisation Most salons sterilise tools and equipment between use.
It is essential in minimising the spread of infection.
Sterilisation means the destruction of all living organisms.
There are three types:
Autoclave which uses steam (like a pressure cooker). Small items of tools and equipment are placed inside. The high temperature of the steam destroys micro-organisms. It is not a suitable method for all tools and equipment due to its high operating temperature.

32. Sterilisation
Autoclave

33. Sterilisation
Ultra-violet (UV) steriliser which uses UV bulbs which produce ultra-violet light (a characteristic blue, similar to sunbed tubes).
Small items of tools and equipment, which must be cleaned first, are placed inside the cabinet. The UV light destroys most micro organisms but is not as effective as the autoclave, since it cannot destroy the HIV and Hepatitis B viruses.

34. Sterilisation
Chemical germicide or bactericide destroy most bacteria but can be harmful to skin. The chemical is usually stored in a special jar into which combs and brushes are placed between use.

35. Health & Safety in the Workplace
Click the link below to try the Health & Safety in the Workplace Multiple-choice Exercise
Multiple-choice Exercise

36. DEALING WITH ACCIDENTS
Accidents can always happen and occasionally salon staff may have to deal with minor ones. An understanding of basic first aid can be useful but any serious injuries must be dealt with by a qualified first aider. Is there a qualified first aider in your salon? If yes, what is their name?

37. Accidents
All workplaces including salons, by law, must have a first aid kit. This should contain:
General guidance on basic first aid
Assorted adhesive plasters
Sterile dressings
Triangular bandages
Sterile eye pads
A pair of scissors
Safety pins
Tweezers
Antiseptic wipe/lotion

38. First Aid Kit
Image of a First-Aid Kit

39. You must NEVER attempt first aid unless you are trained to do so.
BASIC FIRST AID
You must NEVER attempt first aid unless you are trained to do so.
Inform the appropriate person in the salon (this is usually the manager, supervisor or qualified first aider) and take advice.
The following pictures will explain what you can do for more common accidents or incidents that might happen. This information is for guidance only and you should always seek qualified advice before attempting first aid of any kind.

40. PROBLEM & ACTION
Cuts
Apply disposable gloves before treating any wound. Gently clean the wound using a sterile dressing (from the first aid box), then apply pressure until the bleeding stops. Apply a sterile adhesive dressing (plaster). For more serious bleeding, apply continuous pressure with a clean towel until help arrives.

41. PROBLEM & ACTION Cuts and scrapes (Age 2)
Information on the treatment of cuts and scrapes Link to the Parent Centre Website:

42. PROBLEM & ACTION Scalds & burns
Remove the object that has caused the scald or burn.
Hold affected area under cold running water for several minutes. If the burn is large or deep, wash your hands and apply a sterile dressing to protect against infection and send the casualty to hospital. Never remove clothing which has stuck to a burn.
Chemical burns
Flush with cool water for minutes. If severe seek medical assistance.

43. PROBLEM & ACTION
Scalds and burns Video Clip Click the image below to play the video clip (click it again to stop)

44. PROBLEM & ACTION Electric shock
Don't touch the casualty – you too, will get a shock. Switch off the current at the socket and remove the plug. If this isn't possible, turn off at the main switch. Summon help immediately.

45. PROBLEM & ACTION
Electric shock Video Clip Click the image below to play the video clip (click it again to stop)

46. PROBLEM & ACTION
Chemical eye splash Tap water should be applied to the eye, using an eye-bath.
Cover with a sterile eye pad and seek medical assistance.
Foreign body in the eye Apply cold running water to the eye. Do not attempt to remove the object or rub the eye. Cover with a sterile eye pad and seek medical assistance.

47. PROBLEM & ACTION
Chemical Eye Splash Clip Click the image below to play the video clip (click it again to stop)

48. PROBLEM & ACTION
Fainting This is caused by an insufficient blood supply to the brain. Lowering the head (between the knees if the person feels faint) or raising the feet (if the person has fainted) will increase blood supply to the head.

49. PROBLEM & ACTION
Seizure (epileptic fit) This is characterised by a sudden loss of consciousness and jerking of the limbs. You must allow the fit to take its course and do not attempt to restrain the person.
Remove all objects from the surrounding area to prevent injury.
Support the person's head by using a soft object, for example the cushion from a dressing-out chair.

50. PROBLEM & ACTION
Photograph – Fainting (1)

51. PROBLEM & ACTION
Photograph – Fainting (2)

52. PROBLEM & ACTION
Photograph – Fainting (3)

53. PROBLEM & ACTION
Photograph – Seizure (1)

54. PROBLEM & ACTION
Photograph – Seizure (2)

55. RIDDOR REPORTING ACCIDENTS
Any accident must be reported to your supervisor and recorded in the salon's accident report book. The following information should be recorded:
Some accidents lead to legal cases, so it's important to record the details carefully, in case an enquiry is held at a later date.
Full name and address of the casualty
Date and time of the accident
Details of the accident i.e. place, circumstances
injury details
name and address of any witnesses

56. ACCIDENT REPORT FORM Salon name: Name of staff reporting: Address:
Date of accident/incident:
Time/place:
Details of accident/incident:
Name and address of person involved in the accident/incident:
Name's and addresses of any witnesses:

57. ACCIDENT REPORT FORM
Accident & Incident Report

58. Acknowledgements & Copyright
Content – Adapted from Further Education National Consortium (FENC)
Support the Health, Safety and Security of the Salon Environment
This document is an amended version of resource commissioned, produced and supplied by FENC. Copyright in the resource is the property of FENC save in relation to the additional resources used by us which are clearly identified. No part of the document may be reproduced in any material form or sold, supplied or loaned to any third party without the prior written consent of the FENC Board of Trustees. Warning: 'Infringement of Copyright is a civil and criminal offence.'
Images
Bacteria © Institut National Agronomique, Paris-Grignon
Fungi © Copyright by Thomas J. Volk Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse
First Aid Kit © The American Red Cross

59. Acknowledgements & Copyright
Images (continued)
Ringworm © Dr. Dubin
Impetigo © Medical Journal of Australia Gottlieb T et al. Soft tissue, bone and joint infections. MJA 2002; 176: Copyright The Medical Journal of Australia - reproduced with permission.
Scabies © Dr. Dubin
Eczema © Emuology

60. Acknowledgements & Copyright
Images (continued)
Alopecia © Dr. Dubin
Folliculitis © University of California Davis
In-growing hair © Lifestyle laser clinics
Autoclave © Narang Enterprises

61. Acknowledgements & Copyright
Video Clips Wirral Metropolitan College Students
Heather Bell
Donna Evans
Rochelle Gavin
Hannah Jones
Ellen Kenny
Sarah Pritchard
Wirral Metropolitan College Staff
Joyce Tyrer
Jenny Gooderham
Design and Layout
WMC Learning Materials Unit

62. END OF PRESENTATION

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64. INCORRECT! You WOULD NOT be able to continue the service Click here to go back to previous page