1. Compass Instrument with north- pointing needle

2. astrolabe Instrument for finding latitude by measuring the angle of stars.

3. Prince Henry the Navigator Set up first European school for navigators Worked with others to design and build other ships Sent explorers south along Africa’s west coast.

4. Caravel Fast sailing Portuguese ship Designed by Prince Henry the Navigator

5. Portuguese Explorers Found gold dust, ivory, and slaves Became more interested in trade than discovery

6. John Cabot Explored the coasts of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia

7. Giovanni da Verrazano Sailed from North Carolina to New York

8. Sir Martin Frobisher Sailed the coast of Greenland Discovered the bay that bears his name in northern Canada

9. Henry Hudson Explored the Hudson River and sailed to Albany, New York

10. Bartolomeu Dias Portuguese captain who first sailed around the tip of Africa Named the southern tip of Africa the Cape of Storms

11. Cape of Good Hope King of Portugal’s name for the Cape of Storms

12. Vasco da Gama Orders for the King to “proclaim the Christian Faith” and “wrest kingdoms and new states from the hands of the Barbarians Led first Portuguese convoy to India

13. bullion Gold and silver for making coins

14. scurvy A disease caused by lack of Vitamin C

15. convoy Large group of ships

16. Christopher Columbus Sailed west for waterway to India Explored the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola Later explored the coasts of Venezuela and Central America Died convinced he found a new way to India

17. Mutiny Overthrow of officers Sailors threatened Christopher Columbus with mutiny

18. Pope Alexander VI Pope who drew up demarcation for Spain & Portugal

19. Papal line of demarcation Imagine line from North to South pole Non-Christian land east of the line went to Portugal and land west of the line went to Spain

20. Treaty of Tordesillas Treat that gave land west of the line of demarcation to Spain and land east of the line to Portugal Portugal is able to claim Brazil

21. conquistadores Spanish explorers Set out to find gold Columbus talked about

22. Ponce de Leon Explored Florida

23. Balboa Crossed the isthmus of Panama First European to see the great South Sea

24. Hernando Cortes Explored Mexico Spread smallpox Destroyed Aztec empire Took large amounts of gold

25. Francisco Pizarro Explored Peru Conquered Incas Built Lima, Peru “The City of Kings” Took gold and silver from native Americans

26. Hernando de Soto Explored west of Florida and Mississippi River

27. Francisco Coronado Explored the region of the Grand Canyon

28. Magellan Looked for western route to the East Indies Strait of Magellan named after him He renamed the great South Sea the Pacific ocean Circumnavigated the world

29. pacifico Spanish word for peaceful

30. circumnavigating Sailing around the world

31. Sea dog Ship’s captain

32. conquistadores Spanish conquerors

33. John Cabot Explored Newfoundland and Nova Scotia Looking for a North west passage to India Claims land for England

34. Giovanni da Verrazano Sailed along the Atlantic coast from North Carolina to New York Italian navigator who sailed for France

35. Jacques Cartier Sailed up the St. Lawrence River Gave French a claim for Eastern Canada

36. Sir Martin Frobisher Discovered the Frobisher Bay in Northern Canada

37. Henry Hudson Founded the Hudson Bay, Hudson River, and Hudson Strait in Canada Sailed for the Dutch and gave them their claim to the Americas