1. African-American Progressives Honors United States History 8.3

2. Turn of the Century Black America Jim Crow Laws Poll Taxes Literacy Tests Segregated Facilities Social Practices Sharecropping

3. Enforcement of Jim Crow Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) White-Controlled Politicians and Law Enforcement Ku Klux Klan Lynching

4. Birth of a Nation (1915)

5. The Minstrel Show Reinforces and popularizes black stereotypes through entertainment.

6. Fighting Back – Booker T. Washington Worked to establish vocational training for African-Americans. Thought it was too soon for African-Americans to expect full political rights. Worked openly with the white establishment. Founded Tuskegee Institute.

7. Fighting Back – W.E.B. DuBois Demanded full political rights for blacks immediately. First African-American to earn a PhD from Harvard Wanted a classical education for African- Americans Niagra Movement Helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Urban League

8. Fighting Back – Marcus Garvey Black Nationalist who preached self-reliance Founded the Back-to- Africa Movement (Liberia) Advocated for black segregation and racial purity. Founded Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

9. Reducing Prejudice Anti-Defamation League –Protects Jews and others from attacks Mexican Americans –PLM –mutualistas Native Americans –Society of American Indians Asian Americans –Takao Ozawa - 1922