1. If I only had a brain … where would I begin? If I only had a brain … where would I begin? What ’ s in a brain?

2. 1 How does the brain keep usHow does the brain keep us alive, alert, and active? Is there a primitive animal part of our brain?Is there a primitive animal part of our brain? How is our nervous system the result of millions of years of evolution?How is our nervous system the result of millions of years of evolution? What makes the human brain unique?What makes the human brain unique? Unit Questions

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4. 3 The activities and functions of the brain can be divided into five categories: 1.Sensation/Perception 2.Motion 3.Internal Regulation 4.Reproduction 5.Adaptation What does the brain do ?

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8. 7 Who likes frogs…or how about fish?

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10. 9 Major Divisions of the Brain  Spinal cord  Brainstem  Cerebellum  Forebrain thalamus hypothalamus cerebral cortex  Spinal cord  Brainstem  Cerebellum  Forebrain thalamus hypothalamus cerebral cortex

11. 10 Paul MacLean “Primal brain” Neocortex Paleo/mammalian “The Triune Brain”

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13. 12 240 million years ago

14. 13 What ’ s in our fish brain?  Spinal cord  Connects brain to body and relays messages between them  Brain stem (pons, medulla, midbrain)  Controls basic life functions such as consciousness, breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure  Cerebellum  “ Little brain ”, located behind the brain stem  Controls movement, muscle coordination, and balance  Spinal cord  Connects brain to body and relays messages between them  Brain stem (pons, medulla, midbrain)  Controls basic life functions such as consciousness, breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure  Cerebellum  “ Little brain ”, located behind the brain stem  Controls movement, muscle coordination, and balance

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16. 15 Reptilian Brain  The reptilian brain deals with fixed action patterns and instinct  Contains the:  Amygdala: fear, anger, social attraction and sexual responses  Thalamus: evolved to help relay information from the brainstem and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex, sensory and motor integration between the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cortex  Hypothalamus: controls hormonal secretions from pituitary gland –– governing the four F ’ s : feeding, fighting, flighting, and fornicating; linked to your biological clock and circadian rhythms; body ’ s thermostat  The reptilian brain deals with fixed action patterns and instinct  Contains the:  Amygdala: fear, anger, social attraction and sexual responses  Thalamus: evolved to help relay information from the brainstem and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex, sensory and motor integration between the cerebellum, basal ganglia and cortex  Hypothalamus: controls hormonal secretions from pituitary gland –– governing the four F ’ s : feeding, fighting, flighting, and fornicating; linked to your biological clock and circadian rhythms; body ’ s thermostat

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18. 17 60 million years ago

19. 18 Paleo/mammalian Brain  The brain of your cat or dog  Cortical tissue covering the Lizard brain  Provides greater behavioral flexibility and learning ability  Contains the hippocampus linked to:  Memory  perception of subordination  loss of control  The brain of your cat or dog  Cortical tissue covering the Lizard brain  Provides greater behavioral flexibility and learning ability  Contains the hippocampus linked to:  Memory  perception of subordination  loss of control

20. 19 Basis of emotion, motivation, appetite, fear and curiosity Enhanced learning and memory

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22. 21 Last 1 million years

23. 22 Neomammalian Brain — Neocortex  Unique to humans (& primates) Left cerebral hemisphere:  language, logic and approach related behavior Right cerebral hemisphere:  holistic, image-oriented, and intuitive thinking, as well as withdrawal related behavior  Unique to humans (& primates) Left cerebral hemisphere:  language, logic and approach related behavior Right cerebral hemisphere:  holistic, image-oriented, and intuitive thinking, as well as withdrawal related behavior

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