2. I. Growing Sectionalism Sectionalism - loyalty to your own region instead of to the nation as a whole.  During the 1800’s the United States was divided into 3 regions.  North – Northern states, Free States, against slavery, economic base was industry and manufacturing  South – Southern states, Slave States, supported slavery, economic base was production of cotton on plantations Western States, Primarily Free states but some slave states, economic base was farming.  West – Western States, Primarily Free states but some slave states, economic base was farming.

3. II. 3 Main Causes The main issues dividing the North and the South were differing views regarding states’ rights, the expansion of slavery and the existence of slavery  States’ Rights – Powers reserved for the individual states and state governments rather than the federal (nation) government  10 th Amendment in the Bill of Rights  Each state has power and authority to choose its own course.  Belief in self governance.  Nullification – do states have the right to reject federal laws – Y or N  Slavery – Force servitude, based on race. Morally wrong based on our core beliefs in freedom and self governance.  Slavery’s Expansion – Should slavery expand into new territories?  Loss of governmental power if slavery is not allowed to expand.

5. Fugitive Slave Laws 1850 1. It was a law that required all citizen in the United States to help in the recovery of runaway slaves. Captured persons did not get a jury trial. 2. Slavery becomes a national topic of conversation and more people start standing up against slavery.

6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 1. Was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted slavery and the life of a slave in the South 2. Brought the evils of slavery to the attention of many Americans who were once neutral. Southern’s denied the validity of the book.

7. Kansas-Nebraska Act “Bleeding Kansas” 1854 1. Congress passed a law that allowed the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery. The Act repealed the Missouri Compromise 2. Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery people rushed to the territories and a bloody mini civil war started in the two territories

8. Court Case: Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857 1. A court case where a slave was suing for his freedom after his owner had died. 2. Widened the political gap between the North and the South by encouraging the growth of slavery by not giving people rights.

9. John Brown & Harper’s Ferry 1859 1. John Brown and 21 others attempted to capture a store of weapons that would be used to destroy slavery by attacking slaveholders and helping runaway slaves 2. Northern Abolitionist hailed Brown a martyr while the South labeled Brown villan.