1. Chapter 8 – Living with the Legacies of Historical Globalization Social Studies 10

2. Chapter Issue To what extent have attempts to respond to the legacies of historical globalization been effective?

3. During this chapter… ► Think about whether or not you think people responded effectively ► Think about whether or not governments responded effectively ► Think about the role organizations played in responding to historical globalization ► What are the effects of historical globalization on the world?

4. Today’s Class ► People’s Response ► Rwanda ► The Facts ► Historical Overview ► Is it a legacy? Is there any positive responses?

5. The People’s Response ► People are still responding to some effects of historical globalization ► It is important to understand that some responses can be positive and some can be negative

6. Case Study - Rwanda

7. ► Who – There are two main indigenous groups that occupy the country: ________ ______________________________ ► Approximatly ______________________ ___________________________________

8. The Hutus and the Tutsis ► While the Hutu and Tutsi are often considered to be two separate ethnic groups,  it has been pointed out that they speak the same language, have a history of intermarriage, and share many cultural characteristics. ► Traditionally, the differences between the two ______________________________________.  Agricultural people were considered Hutu  Cattle-owning elite were identified as Tutsi

9. Case Study - Rwanda ► What – Political unrest, war, and genocide ► Where – Rwanda is a country in east-central Africa ► When – The issues spans history as far back as the late 1800’s and still have influences today.

10. WHY? ► To understand why, we need to look at the history of Rwanda. ► Prior to the Scramble for Africa, Rwanda was occupied by two main indigenious tribes, the Hutus and the Tutsis ► The Scramble for Africa commenced in the late 1800’s, this was a time when many European nations wanted to claim land in Africa for their own benefits. Much of this land and people who lived there were exploited. ► During the Scramble, Germany picked up the area we now identify as Rwanda.

11. WHY? ► _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________________________. ► This created tension between the two groups ► After WWI Germany had to give their land they had acquired in Africa to Belgium ► The Belgians continued the distinction between Hutus and Tutsis, and even created a bigger division by making the people carry card to identyify what group they belonged to.

12. Rwanda’s Struggle ► After WWII, most colonies in Africa began to demand their independence ► 1962, Belgium pulled out of Rwanda ► _________________________________________ ________________________________________. ► The battle began and continued to intensify as the majority Hutu government began a campaign against Tutsis and any sympathetic Hutus. ► Thus, a civil war.

13. Peace? ► In 1993, ____________________________ ____________________________________ _________________________________. ► The peace agreement required the government to share power with other political groups, including the Tutsi led Patriotic Front ► This condition angered many Hutus

14. April 6, 1994 ► A plane carrying Rwandan president Juvenal Habyarimana was shot down ► It was not known who was responsible ► The Rwandan government and some Hutu militants blamed the Tutsis ► _________________________________________ __________________ ► Radio broadcasts encouraged Hutus civilians to take revenge ► The Militia favored hacking their victims to death using machetes

15. Genocide ► The mass killing of human beings, especially a targeted group of people ► By July 19, 1994, _____________________ ___________________________________. ► Tutsis and moderate Hutus tried to find shelter in churches or in United Nations buildings, but these people rarely survived

16. Is this a legacy of historical globalization? ► Tell me what you think, now that we have looked at the basic facts that led up to the Rwandan Genocide

17. + or - ► From the Case Study of Rwanda, it is obvious to see that the response to a historical legacy by the people was detrimental to a society’s existence. ► But is there any positive responses?

18. What’s being done now? ► Class Activity – Rebuilding Rwandan Society ► Page 192-193 ► You have 10 minutes ► Read the assigned section with a partner ► Write down the 3 most important points from that section ► We will be discussing you findings as a class

19. What is being done now… ► Rwandan’s now are left trying to rebuild their society and reconcile with one another ► UN played a significant role during the fighting, and now they created International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ► Gacaca Courts – justice on the grass ► Rebuilding their economy, farming coffee, many farms were rebuilt ► Rwanda has received international support  Ubuntu Edmonton

20. Activity ► On P 191, read the three quotations. ► After you have completed this, answer question 1. ► To answer question 1, it would be best to re-read the quotations once again.