1. Rwanda

3. Statistics about Rwanda Approximate size of Maryland Approximate size of Maryland Religion: Christian 93.5% Religion: Christian 93.5% Life expectancy: 47 years Life expectancy: 47 years Most densely populated African nation = 345 people per.39 square miles Most densely populated African nation = 345 people per.39 square miles

4. Rwanda’s Ethnic Groups Pygmies (1%) originally in the area Pygmies (1%) originally in the area Hutus (84%) = established farmers Hutus (84%) = established farmers Tutsi (15%) = cattle breeders arrived and established a monarchy Tutsi (15%) = cattle breeders arrived and established a monarchy –made the Hutus serfs [attached to land= forced laborers]

5. European Imperialism 1916: Belgians 1916: Belgians Identity cards issued Identity cards issued Belgians “rule” through Tutsi Belgians “rule” through Tutsi  Taller  Lighter-skinned  “thinner noses”

6. Ethnic Strife Hutus push for power equal to their numbers Hutus push for power equal to their numbers

7. Independence - 1962 Kayibanda elected president (Hutu) Kayibanda elected president (Hutu) 1973 – Military coup – Gen. Habyarimana (Hutu) 1973 – Military coup – Gen. Habyarimana (Hutu)

8. Hutus seek control of Tutsi Interahamwe: Hutu civilian militia armed and supported by Hutu army Weapon of choice = machete Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF): Tutsi rebels Form in Uganda Cross-border invasion 1990

9. Assassination?  Civil War 1994: President Habyarimana’s plane is shot down, Hutus blame Tutsi “cockroaches”

10. Start of Massacre Rwandan National Radio: “Cut the tall trees” Targets: Tutsi Moderate Hutu

11. 800,000 dead in 100 days from April to June

12. Genocide Genocide –Deliberate and systematic destruction of an entire people who belong to one racial, ethnic or political group.

13. Hotel des Mille Collines Paul Rusesabagina = “Moderate” Hutu

14. International Intervention Peacekeepers Peacekeepers –sent –attacked by militia –withdrawn Token force of 270 left behind Token force of 270 left behind Other countries? Evacuate their citizens No intervention / aid for Rwandans

15. Collapse of the Hutu Government RPF attacks from Uganda again RPF attacks from Uganda again –Hutu army, interahamwe defeated Ends the Genocide Ends the Genocide

16. Post-Genocide Government Paul Kagame = Former RPF Commander = President Tutsi president = Hutus flee to D.R.C. Tutsi president = Hutus flee to D.R.C. Attempts at Multi- ethnic ‘coalition’ government Attempts at Multi- ethnic ‘coalition’ government Kagame re-elected 2010 Kagame re-elected 2010