1. Therapies Treatment History Mental Hospitals– Moral Therapy– Phenothiazines- Deinstitutionalization –

2. Cultural Diversity Evil spirits possess one yielding extreme moods Healers used – smoke, herbs, doll effigies, ceremonies –

3. Later Interventions Community Mental Health Centers Medicaid funding for prescriptions & some counseling ~ 40% w/ problems don’t seek help

4. Therapists Psychiatrists Psychiatrists – Clinical Psychologists Clinical Psychologists– Counseling Psychologists Counseling Psychologists – Social Workers Social Workers - Nurses Nurses – Homeopathic Practitioners - Specialists

5. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Identify feelings Breakdown defenses / resistance Interpret behaviors Work through transference Shortened time frame –Improvement over control groups –Short-term -> 25-30 sessions

6. Client-centered therapy Potential for self-actualization Reflecting – Positive regard – Empathy – Genuine –

7. Cognitive Therapy Addressing automatic thoughts Overgeneralization– Polarized thinking – Selective attention –

8. Behavior Therapy Using classical & operant conditioning Systematic Desensitization Relaxation Stimulus Hierarchy- Exposure – Example: Insomnia, Fears

9. Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Addresses thoughts & behaviors Intrusive thoughts Self-monitoring– Thought stopping – Examples:

10. Common factors in therapies Basic set of procedures Supportive & trusting relationship Accepting atmosphere Attention to the issues

11. Psychoanalysis – Freud: 1800-1900 Assumptions repressed thoughts, conflict, leading to emotional problems Techniques Free association, dream interpretation, psychoanalysis

12. Client-centered Therapy: Rogers 40’s & 50’s Assumptions Clients have potential for self- actualization Techniques Reflecting, empathy, positive regard, supportive relationship

13. Cognitive Therapy– Beck 60’s & 70’s Assumptions Automatic, irrational, negative thoughts affect feelings, actions and distort perceptions Techniques Self-monitoring, Thought- stopping, thought substitution

14. Behavior Therapy – 50’s various Assumptions Emotional reactions and behaviors are conditioned and can be unconditioned Techniques Systematic Desensitization, reward / punishment, cognitive- behavior therapy

15. Other Imperatives Music – positive themes * Survival collection* Laughter / Humor – enjoyment leads to increase in mental health functioning (Psychoneuroimmunology)