1. Part V September 23, 2009

2.  The teachings and learnings of the renaissance gradually spread out of Italy and northward.  Northern humanists tended to:  Come from more diverse social backgrounds  More devoted to religious reforms

3.  The Invention of the printing press in 1450 made possible the expansion of education and debate of religious and political topics like never before  Some of the most popular books of the time were:  Piety and religion  Calendars and almanacs  How to books on childrearing, making brandy and spirits, curing animals and farming

4.  The Portuguese Chart the Course!  The Portuguese expanded their empire around the coast of most of Africa.  They were originally looking for gold and slaves and then by the end of the century, a sea route to the Asia’s spice markets  Pepper and cloves were very popular

5.  Spain  While Portugal explored the Indian Ocean, Spain turned westward to find a shorter route to the East Indies  Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492, thinking he had landed in Japan  He named the natives Indians, thinking he was in the East Indies

6.  Spain  The Spanish exploration of the Americas had intended and unintended consequences  Spain benefitted immensely from the riches extracted from the Americas as did Europe as a whole.  Europeans introduced new species of fruit, vegetables and animals into the americas  They also brought back new species to Europe  The Americas were infected with measles and smallpox while the Europeans were dealing with syphilis

7.  The Spanish Empire  The Spanish successfully conquered several Native American empires  Aztecs: Ruled all of Central Mexico  Incas: Ruled large areas in Peru  See Map Page 343

8.  The Church in Spanish America sought to bring Christ to people they thought needed saving as well as to bring them European learning and civilization.  Native Americans were used as slave labor in:  Mining (Gold, Silver)  Agriculture: The Hacienda was a large landed estate owned by a Peninsulares or a Creole.  Labor Servitude