1. Early Exploration and Colonization

2. Objective #1 Analyze the changing world situation and its impact on the colonization effort in America.

3. Objective #2 Identify and explain reasons for European exploration.

4. Objective #3 Explain the changes and conflicts that occurred when the diverse worlds of Europe, Africa, and the Americans collided after 1492.

5. What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? Gold –Look in Africa –Money for industrial advancement –Renaissance: Science and technology –The royal coffers/wealth –15th c.: European mines running low –Eastward trade routes blocked by Ottoman Turks

6. What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? Glory –Fierce competition to add to empire –Nationalism –Renaissance inspired many people to explore and seek individual glory

7. What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? Spices –Food preservation –Luxuries (sugar) –Bathing? –Columbus looked for western trade route to Asia Muslim middlemen would charge tolls Long, dangerous routes

8. What motivated Spanish and Portuguese Expansion? Christianity –Catholic Spain and Portugal –Christianize the Asians

9. Portugal Took Early Lead Superior technology –Examples: caravel, compass, schools Prince Henry the Navigator

10. Portugal and Africa Trade in gold, ivory and slaves –40,000 slaves taken from Africa before discovery of America Millions more after discovery of America Will be established as a source of “cheap labor” –Work Portuguese sugar plantations Modern plantation system

11. Christopher Columbus Convinced he could reach Indies by sailing West. Landed in the Bahamas in 1492. Brought cinnamon, gold, coconuts, slaves back to Spain

12. Early Triangle Trade

13. Native Americans 1492: 50 million people inhabited North and South America Very diverse –Incas –Mayans –Aztecs Agricultural advancements Complex irrigation systems Some alliances (more so in the South)

14. Colonization (15th-17th c.) Spain and Portugal Treaty of Tordesillas Line of Demarcation Europeans bring disease to N. America 90% of Natives wiped out.